Q.1

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

 

1.

The study of artifacts and excavation of material remains in historic sites to understand the past society is called:

(A) Archaeology
(B) Physical Anthropology
(C) Primatology
(D) None of these

2.

The subfield of anthropology in which anthropological knowledge is used to solve real-world problems is called:

(A) Basic Anthropology
(B) Applied Anthropology
(C) Ethnography
(D) None of these

3.

The mindset or conviction that one's own culture's morals, values, and customs are superior to those of other people is known as:

(A) Xenocentrism
(B) Ethnocentrism
(C) Ecocentrism
(D) None of these

4.

The process through which individual learn their cultural values is called:

(A) Transculturation
(B) Acculturation
(C) Enculturation
(D) None of these

5.

The anthropological method in which the researcher immerses in the community and participates in their daily activities to gather research data is called:

(A) Observation
(B) Participant Observation
(C) In-depth interviews
(D) None of these

6.

Hunting and gathering society, in which people acquire food by collecting wild plants and hunting animals of their region/territory, is also known as:

(A) Horticulture
(B) Foraging
(C) Herding/Pastoralism
(D) None of these

7.

Marriage type in which one woman is allowed to have multiple husbands is known as:

(A) Polygamy
(B) Polyandry
(C) Polygyny
(D) None of these

8.

The Custom whereby a widower is expected to marry the sister of his deceased wife is called:

(A) Levirate
(B) Surrogate
(C) Sororate
(D) None of these

9.

The political leader who does not hold formal office and whose power comes from influence rather than authority is known as:

(A) Chief
(B) Headman
(C) Lord
(D) None of these

10.

The norms about behavior that carry moral connotations are:

(A) Folkways
(B) Mores
(C) Values
(D) None of these

11.

If the siblings are from the opposite sex, their children are:

(A) First cousins
(B) Parallel cousins
(C) Cross cousins
(D) None of these

12.

The following theorist believes that symbols serve as catalysts for social action and have predictable effects that motivate individuals and communities to act:

(A) Clifford Geertz
(B) Victor Turner
(C) Talal Asad
(D) None of these

13.

The “Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis” that language shapes a person's worldview by influencing their thoughts and perceptions is called:

(A) Historical Particularism
(B) Linguistic Relativity
(C) Symbolism
(D) None of these

14.

The theoretical perspective claiming that technological and economic factors play an important role in shaping society is called:

(A) Cultural Materialism
(B) Cultural Appropriation
(C) Cultural Diffusionism
(D) None of these

15.

The term “Cultural Ecology” was coined by the following anthropologist:

(A) Leslie White
(B) Julian Steward
(C) Marvin Harris
(D) None of these

16.

A residence form gives a couple the option of living with either their husband's or wife's family is known as:

(A) Bilocal residence
(B) Neolocal
(C) Ambilocal
(D) None of these

17.

The belief that a higher power may or may not exist is:

(A) Agnosticism
(B) Atheism
(C) Pantheism
(D) None of these

18.

The famous book “The Savage Mind” is written by:

(A) Claude Levi-Strauss
(B) Franz Boas
(C) Bronislaw Malinowski
(D) None of these

19.

The nineteenth-century theoretical orientation held that all human ways of life pass through a similar sequence of stages in their development:

(A) Unilineal evolutionism
(B) Multilinear evolutionism
(C) Neo-evolutionism
(D) None of these

20.

A person within a community who possesses specialized knowledge of that community and is considered an expert source of information for a fieldworker is called:

(A) Respondent
(B) Key informant
(C) Interlocutor
(D) None of these

 

PART-II

 

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.

(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.

(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.

(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

 

Q. No. 2

Discuss the concept of culture as the “totality of human life”. How and why does culture matter in determining human attitudes and lifeworlds? Cite examples from various cultures, including your own.

(20)

 

Q. No. 3

What is the configuration of kinship structure in Pakistan? How does the institution of kinship contribute to the thriving of socio-cultural life? Elaborate your answer using pertinent examples.

(20)

 

Q. No. 4

Why do qualitative researchers believe that the empiricist philosophy is not appropriate for studying the social world? How do you compare both approaches – Empiricism and Interpretivism?

(20)

 

Q. No. 5

What is Clifford Geertz’s idea of “Thick Description”? How does it aid anthropologists in grasping a deeper and nuanced understanding of the meaning embedded in social behaviors?

(20)

 

Q. No. 6

Discuss the interplay between enculturation and cognition. How does Margaret Mead's study of Samoa demonstrate the importance of the enculturation process in shaping one’s life experiences?

(20)

 

Q. No. 7

How commodities are produced and consumed culturally? Give specific examples elaborating how people attach distinct meanings and values to commodities.

(20)

 

Q. No. 8

“Bands represent the simplest form of the political organization whereas the state is the enactment of the centralized political system”.

Keeping in mind the aforementioned statement, critically analyze the evolution and development of the political system.

(20)

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