Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

 

1.

Self-pollination of plant with two heterozygous gene pairs on two different chromosome pairs produces the following kind of genotypes.

(A) 16
(B) 4
(C) 9
(D) 8

2.

If adenine in a sample is 40% then the thymine in the sample would be:

(A) 60%
(B) 40%
(C) 20%
(D) 50%

3.

If TCA codon is present in DNA the corresponding anticodon will be:

(A) UGU
(B) AGU
(C) UGT
(D) AGT

4.

TTC is codon for:

(A) Proline
(B) Leucine
(C) Valine
(D) Lysine

5.

Ribosome of Eukaryotes contains two sub-units:

(A) 40 S and 50 S
(B) 70 S and 50 S
(C) 60 S and 40 S
(D) 50 S and 30 S

6.

Gametophytic generation is dominant in:

(A) Angiosperms
(B) Bryophytes
(C) Gymnosperms
(D) Pteridophytes

7.

Endosperm of seed contains:

(A) Haploid chromosome number
(B) Diploid chromosome number
(C) Triploid chromosome number
(D) Tetraploid chromosome number

8.

Double fertilization is present in:

(A) Bryophytes
(B) Angiosperms
(C) Gymnosperms
(D) Pteridophytes

9.

Which of the following hormone promote ripening of fruit?

(A) Ethylene
(B) Auxin
(C) Gibberellin
(D) None of these

10.

Total number of DNA codons are:

(A) 60
(B) 46
(C) 64
(D) 24

11.

Extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecules present in bacteria are called:

(A) Endosomes
(B) Plasmids
(C) Episomes
(D) Nucleosomes

12.

Which of the following cause dormancy in buds and seed?

(A) Gibberellin
(B) Cytokinin
(C) Abscisic Acid
(D) Ethylene

13.

Which of the following crop can fix atmospheric nitrogen?

(A) Beans
(B) Cotton
(C) Wheat
(D) Rice

14.

Mendel started work on pea plant in:

(A) 1757
(B) 1857
(C) 1902
(D) 1880

15.

Which of the following crop is naturally cross-pollinated?

(A) Wheat
(B) Rice
(C) Barley
(D) Maize

16.

Companion cells are present in:

(A) Bryophytes
(B) Angiosperms
(C) Pteridophytes
(D) Gymnosperms

17.

Which of the following algae are almost exclusively marine?

(A) Brown Algae
(B) Green Algae
(C) Blue Green Algae
(D) Desmids

18.

Shape of chloroplast of spirogyra is:

(A) Star shape
(B) Girdle shape
(C) Cup shape
(D) Spiral band shape

19.

The amino acid at the beginning of polypeptide chain in eukaryotes is:

(A) Methionine
(B) Phenylalanine
(C) Glycine
(D) Lysine

20.

Which of the following fungus is called club fungus?

(A) Ascomycetes
(B) Deuteromycetes
(C) Phycomycetes
(D) Basidomycetes

 

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.

(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.

(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.

(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

 

Q. No. 2.

Explain evidences in support of evolution from conventional and molecular biology. (20)

 

Q. No. 3.

Discuss biological and economic importance of fungi. (20)

 

Q. No. 4.

How would you prove that replication of DNA is semiconservative? (20)

 

Q. No. 5.

Explain Mendel’s Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment. Is law of Independent Assortment applicable to codominant genes and the genes present on the same chromosome? (20)

 

Q. No. 6.

Explain structure and reproduction of Spirogyra. (20)

 

Q. No. 7.

Explain molecular structure of cell membrane. (20)

 

Q. No. 8.

Write short note on any FOUR of the following: (5 each)

(a) Micro and megasporogenesis in angiosperms

(b) Ecosystem

(c) Plant hormones

(d) Air pollution

(e) Gymnosperms

(20)

 

 

Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box ■ on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

 

1.

What is the largest plant family in the world, known for its diverse members such as sunflowers, daisies and chrysanthemums?

(A) Poaceae
(B) Asteraceae
(C) Fabaceae
(D) Rosaceae

2.

In Pakistan, which of the following is a common type of gymnosperm?

(A) Oak tree
(B) Pine tree
(C) Maple tree
(D) Willow tree

3.

Organisms that obtain energy by absorbing and metabolizing nutrients are:

(A) Heterotrophs
(B) Auxotrophs
(C) Osmotrophs
(D) Phototrophs

4.

Pattern of arrangement of leaves on stem is called:

(A) Stipule
(B) Adaxial
(C) Abaxial
(D) Phyllotaxy

5.

How many enzymes are involved in Krebs cycle?

(A) Four
(B) Six
(C) Eight
(D) Ten

6.

The enzymes of glycolysis are located in the:

(A) Cytoplasm
(B) Nucleus
(C) Lysosomes
(D) Mitochondrion

7.

Thioredoxin widely occurs in plants is:

(A) Lipid in nature
(B) Carbohydrate in nature
(C) Protein in nature
(D) None of them

8.

Auxin is synthesized directly from the Amino acid:

(A) Proline
(B) Cystein
(C) Tryptophan
(D) Glycine

9.

Triticale is derived by crossing:

(A) Wheat and Rice
(B) Wheat and tapioca
(C) Rye and Wheat
(D) Rye and Rice

10.

Which of the following metabolites are implicated in stress tolerance?

(A) Proline
(B) Betaines
(C) Citrate
(D) Both (A) and (B)

11.

The first transgenic plants expressing engineered foreign genes were tobacco plants produced by the use of:

(A) Agrobacterium tumefaciens
(B) Bacillus thuringiensis
(C) Arabidopsis thaliana
(D) Streptomyces hygroscopicus

12.

The most effective temperature range for vernalization is:

(A) 1–5 °C
(B) 1–3 °C
(C) 1–7 °C
(D) 4–11 °C

13.

What is the most economically important mushroom in Swat, Pakistan?

(A) Shiitake
(B) Oyster
(C) Morel
(D) Button

14.

What is the botanical name of chia seeds?

(A) Cicer arietinum
(B) Salvia hispanica
(C) Linum usitatissimum
(D) Sesamum indicum

15.

In addition to its culinary and medicinal uses, fennel has been historically believed to possess which of the following properties?

(A) Aphrodisiac
(B) Hypnotic
(C) Anticoagulant
(D) Antiseptic

16.

________ is a superior source of protein with all nine essential amino acids.

(A) Blueberries
(B) Quinoa
(C) Avocado
(D) Broccoli

17.

In the photosynthetic electron transport chain, which photosystem has a higher energy level and functions first in capturing light energy?

(A) Photosystem I (PSI)
(B) Photosystem II (PSII)
(C) Both have equal energy levels
(D) Neither has a distinct energy level

18.

What is the function of DNA helicase during DNA replication?

(A) Joins Okazaki fragments
(B) Unwinds and separates the DNA strands
(C) Synthesizes new DNA strands
(D) Proofreads DNA for errors

19.

Where does transcription, the first step in protein synthesis, occur in eukaryotic cells?

(A) Ribosome
(B) Nucleus
(C) Cytoplasm
(D) Mitochondria

20.

Which type of evolution results in the development of similar traits in unrelated species due to adaptation to similar environmental challenges?

(A) Convergent evolution
(B) Divergent evolution
(C) Parallel evolution
(D) Adaptive evolution

PART-II

Q.2.

Evaluate the potential advantages and challenges of using algae for biofuel production, taking into account environmental and economic factors.

 

Q.3.

Explain the ecological importance of gymnosperms. How do they contribute to biodiversity and ecosystem functions?

 

Q.4.

Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of using plant tissue culture techniques compared to traditional methods of plant propagation.

 

Q.5.

Discuss the principles and methodologies used in biosystematics for the classification and identification of plant species.

 

Q.6.

Provide a labeled diagram of the Krebs cycle in plants, highlighting key intermediates and enzymes involved. Explain the significance of each step in the cycle.

 

Q.7.

Analyze the role of plants in phytoremediation. Discuss how certain plant species can help mitigate soil pollution by absorbing and detoxifying contaminants.

 

Q.8.

Briefly describe any two of the following:

(a) Role of Cytokinin in plant senescence

(b) Parthenogenesis vs Apomixis

(c) Hardy-Weinberg’s Theorem

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Q. No. 2. Write comprehensive notes on the following: (10 each) (20)
(a) Morphology of thallus in Algae
(b) Alternation of generation in Bryophytes

 

Q. No. 3. Describe significance of various types of abiotic environmental factors for soil formation. Give soil characteristics formed by each agent. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. Describe ultra-stucture of nucleus with particular reference to nuclear membrane and pore complexes. (20)

 

Q. No. 5. Describe various types of environmental pollutions. Give significance of biodiversity and conservation to save the living planet. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. Give a diagrammatic account of location of the different photosystems in granum and briefly describe their functions in photosynthesis. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. What are different rules of botanical nomenclature? Compare natural and artificial system of classification. (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the followings: (10 each) (20)
(a) Reproduction and economic importance of yeast
(b) Illustrative account of protein synthesis in eukaryotes
(c) Endosperm development in Angiosperms

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Explain different types of algae based on cell structure, nature of the pigments and the types of reserve food materials. (20)

 

Q. No. 3. Discuss the economic importance and distribution of gymnosperms in Pakistan. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. Describe the pollination mechanisms in angiosperms. (20)

 

Q. No. 5. Shed light on the important rules of botanical nomenclature. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. Explain the role of different plant hormones from seed germination to fruit ripening. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. What are the adverse effects and control measures of aquatic and terrestrial pollution? Explain. (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write notes on any TWO of the followings: (10 each) (20)
(a) Causes and mechanism of cell senescence
(b) Importance of genetic engineering
(c) Divergent Evolution

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Q. No. 2. Discuss the life cycle of late blight of potato. Discuss its epidemics, disease forecast and control.(20)

 

Q. No. 3. Write a note on sporophyte of Pinus. Compare reproductive characteristics of Pinus with Selaginella. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. Write down the discovery, chemical structure, and role of gibberellins in regulating various physiological processes in plants. (20)

 

Q. No. 5. Describe nitrogen cycles between the abiotic environment and organisms. Briefly describe how human activities have changed global nitrogen budget. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. How Morgan and his students demonstrated that gene was linked in fruit flies? How linkage is related to some events in meiosis? (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Differentiate between plasmid and vector. Briefly explain bacteriophage lambda (λ) vector. Describe its working and selection process. (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write down a comprehensive notes on any TWO of the followings: (10 each) (20)
(a) The four components of taxonomy.
(b) Distribution of gymnosperms in Pakistan.
(c) Differences in vascular system of stem of monocot and dicot plants.

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Discuss evolution of vascular bundles in tracheophytes. (20)

 

Q. No. 3. Describe process of fertilization for an angiospermic plant with significance of double fertilization. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. Write a comprehensive account of Plant Growth Hormones. (20)

 

Q. No. 5. Give an account of structure of epidermis and describe various functions of its different cell types. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. Write a comprehensive account of light and dark reactions in plants. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Describe various structural modification of roots, stems and leaves tissues in xerophytic plants. (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the followings:- (5 each) (20)
(a) Theory of Natural Selection
(b) Economic importance of Rust and Smut
(c) Causes and significance of Polyploidy
(d) Types of stele
(e) Evolution of sporophyte in Bryophytes

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Discuss biological and economic importance of Fungi. (20)

 

Q. No. 3. Describe main features of Gymnosperms and explain life cycle of Pinus. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. What are main types of Pollution? What may be the measures for its control? (20)

 

Q. No. 5. Explain CAM Photosynthesis contrasting it to C4 Photosynthesis in terms of partitioning of a pathway. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. What are the evidences in support of Evolution? What contributions modern genetics has made for its support? (20)

 

Q. No. 7. What is the evidence for semiconservative replication of DNA? (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following: (5 marks each) (20)
(a) Ultrastructure of cell membrane
(b) Speciation
(c) Vernalization
(d) Classes of Algae

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Describe briefly habitat, structure, reproduction and life cycle of adiantum. (20)

 

Q. No. 3. Discuss evolution of seed and its importance in vascular plants. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. Why is Darwin’s theory of evolution still so controversial? Explain. (20)

 

Q. No. 5. How does the C4 pathway differ from C3 pathway of carbon fixation? What are the advantages and disadvantage of each pathway? (20)

 

Q. No. 6. How did the discovery that the DNA molecule is helical with uniform 2-mm diameter lead Watson and crick to propose the pairing rules for double-helix model? Explain. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Describe causes and reclamation of soil salinity and water logging in Pakistan. (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Writer short notes on any FOUR of the following: (5 each) (20)
(a) Forensic Palynology.
(b) Chemo taxonomy.
(c) Imperfect Fungi.
(d) Choromosomal aberrations.
(e) Economic importance of Acacia Family

 

 

 

 

 

TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS

PART-I (MCQs): 30 MINUTES — MAXIMUM MARKS: 20
PART-II: 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES — MAXIMUM MARKS: 80

NOTE:

(i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be taken back after 30 minutes.

(ii) Overwriting/cutting of the options/answers will not be given credit.

 

PART-I (MCQs)

(COMPULSORY)

Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

1. Epidermal tissue act generally as:

(a) Protective tissue
(b) Absorbing tissue
(c) Photosynthetic tissue
(d) Conducting tissue
(e) None of these

2. Alternate name of Family Apiaceae is:

(a) Lamiaceae
(b) Labiatae
(c) Umbelliferae
(d) Graminae
(e) None of these

3. When Stamens are numerous and attached to Corolla, this condition is known as:

(a) Polyandrous and Epipetalous
(b) Syngenious
(c) Monadelphous
(d) None of these

4. Which of these is not green Algae?

(a) Volvox
(b) Chlorella
(c) Ulothrix
(d) Nostoc
(e) None of these

5. In Rhizopus Sexual reproduction is:

(a) Anisogamous
(b) Oogamous
(c) Conjugation
(d) None of these

6. During germination nucleus of zygospore of Rhizopus first undergoes:

(a) Mitosis
(b) Meiosis
(c) Amitosis
(d) Binary fission
(e) None of these

7. Which of the followings possesses both animal and plant characters?

(a) Stigeocloneum
(b) Euglena
(c) Chlamydomonas
(d) Ulva
(e) None of these

8. Rhynia belongs to group of:

(a) Desert plants
(b) Aquatic plants
(c) Alpine plants
(d) Fossil plants
(e) None of these

9. The main plant in Selaginella is a:

(a) Sporophyte
(b) Gametophyte
(c) Epiphyte
(d) Thallophyte
(e) None of these

10. Pinus lacks which one of the following:

(a) True flower
(b) Male cones only
(c) Female cones only
(d) Both male and female cones
(e) None of these

11. Interaction between Algae and Fungi is called:

(a) Parasitism
(b) Mutualism
(c) Commensalism
(d) Amensalism
(e) None of these

12. The plant cell without nuclei are found in:

(a) Cambium
(b) Root hairs
(c) Companion cells
(d) Vessel elements
(e) None of these

13. Which of the following is rapid type of absorption?

(a) Passive absorption
(b) Active absorption
(c) Salt absorption
(d) Root tip absorption
(e) None of these

14. Water is absorbed through the root hairs by means of:

(a) Respiration
(b) Turgor pressure
(c) Transpiration
(d) Osmosis
(e) None of these

15. The tissue responsible for translocation of food material is:

(a) Vessels
(b) Sieve tubes
(c) Parenchyma
(d) Fibers
(e) None of these

16. Red colour of Red Algae is due to the presence of:

(a) Neoxanthin
(b) Phycoerythrin
(c) Carotene-B
(d) Fucoxanthin
(e) None of these

17. The presence of lignin in cell wall is characteristic feature of:

(a) Woody tissue
(b) Phloem
(c) Soft tissue
(d) Cortex
(e) None of these

18. In which of the following plants does the stem perform the function of Storage and Perenation?

(a) Ground nut
(b) Ginger
(c) Wheat
(d) Radish
(e) None of these

19. Common method of producing new varieties of Roses is:

(a) Cutting
(b) Budding
(c) Grafting
(d) Layering
(e) None of these

20. A branched Raceme is called:

(a) Corymb
(b) Panicle
(c) Spike
(d) Catkin
(e) None of these

 

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Candidate must write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.

(iii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iv) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.

 

Q. No.2. Discuss evolutionary trends in Bryophytes with special reference to development of spores and associated structure. (20)

 

Q. No.3. What are “FUNGI”? How they are different from plants? Explain industrial applications of “FUNGI”. (20)

 

Q. No.4. Write a detailed account on the development of ENDOSPERM in plants. (20)

 

Q. No.5. What is SPECIATION? Explain modern trends in Plant Systematics. (20)

 

Q. No.6. Why ALGAE are known as THALLOPHYTES? Give economic importance of ALGAE. (20)

 

Q. No.7. Write critical notes on MICROSPOROGENESIS and MEGASPOROGENESIS. (20)

 

Q. No.8. Write notes on any TWO of the followings:  (10 each) (20)

(a) Chemotaxonomy

(b) Evolutionary tendencies in Gymnosperms.

(c) Normal and Abnormal Secondary Growth.

 

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FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2013
FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

BOTANY, PAPER-II

TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS

PART-I (MCQs): 30 MINUTES — MAXIMUM MARKS: 20
PART-II: 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES — MAXIMUM MARKS: 80

NOTE:

(i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be taken back after 30 minutes.

(ii) Overwriting/cutting of the options/answers will not be given credit.

 

PART-I (MCQs)

(COMPULSORY)

Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

 

1. Plants expressing foreign genes introduced by genetic engineering are:

(a) Transgens
(b) Hybrids
(c) Mutants
(d) Polyploids
(e) None of these

2. An association of species in which both partners benefits is called:

(a) Antagonism
(b) Competition
(c) Mutualism
(d) None of these

3. Autotrophs are primary producers in:

(a) Food web
(b) Food chain
(c) Food series
(d) Food security
(e) None of these

4. A multiprotein complex that comprises ATPase in thylakoid membrane is:

(a) CF₀-CF₁
(b) CF₀-CF₂
(c) CF₁-CF₂
(d) CF₂-CF₁
(e) None of these

5. Set of conditions in which an organism completes its life cycle is:

(a) Niche
(b) Habitat
(c) Biome
(d) Habit
(e) None of these

6. Suberized band in the cell wall of endodermis is:

(a) Exodermal strip
(b) Casparian strip
(c) Abscision strip
(d) Hypodermal strip
(e) None of these

7. Genetically dwarfness can be overcome by treatment with:

(a) Jasmonates
(b) Auxins
(c) Abscisic acid
(d) Gibberellins
(e) None of these

8. Exchange of genetic material between two paired chromosome during meiosis is:

(a) Test cross
(b) Back cross
(c) Inbreeding
(d) None of these

9. Free space in tissues comprising cell wall and intercellular spaces:

(a) Symplast
(b) Apoplast
(c) Protoplast
(d) Amyloplast
(e) None of these

10. Chromosome compliment with 2n-1 is called:

(a) Disomy
(b) Nullisomy
(c) Monosomy
(d) Tetrasomy
(e) None of these

11. Plants shedding their leaves seasonally are called:

(a) Annuals
(b) Biannuals
(c) Perennials
(d) Deciduous
(e) None of these

12. Organisms that obtain energy by metabolizing the inorganic sources are:

(a) Lithotrophs
(b) Osmotrophs
(c) Heteroautotrops
(d) Phototrophs
(e) None of these

13. The culminating stage of plant succession in a given ecosystem is:

(a) Cline
(b) Climate
(c) Climax
(d) Cleave
(e) None of these

14. Climatically and geographically similar conditions on the earth are called:

(a) Biotope
(b) Biomes
(c) Biosphere
(d) Biography
(e) None of these

15. Vernalization is process in which flowering is promoted by:

(a) Salt treatment
(b) Hot treatment
(c) Cold treatment
(d) None of these

16. Which of the following contains its own DNA?

(a) Golgi bodies
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Ribosomes
(d) None of these

17. In chlorophyll, four rings of pyrrole forming a complex with:

(a) Cu-atom
(b) Fe-atom
(c) Mg-atom
(d) K-atom
(e) None of these

18. Plants growing inside another plant are called:

(a) Endophytes
(b) Exophytes
(c) Amphiphytes
(d) Phleophytes
(e) None of these

19. A functional unit of modern ecology is:

(a) Habitat
(b) Biosphere
(c) Succession
(d) None of these

20. Mutation arising as an immediate and direct response to selective pressure:

(a) Point mutation
(b) Adaptive mutation
(c) Shift mutation
(d) Natural selection
(e) None of these

 

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Candidate must write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.

(iii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iv) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.

 

Q. No.2. What are various criteria of essentiality of mineral elements of plants? Support you answer with examples. (20)

 

Q. No.3. What is seed dormancy and give its types? How the dormancy is important to plant life; give merits and demerits of seed dormancy. (20)

 

Q. No.4. What is an Ecosystem? What are the components of an aquatic ecosystem and how it is important to life on earth? (20)

 

Q. No.5. “Pollution is hampering our daily life activities.” Justify this statement citing appropriate examples. (20)

 

Q. No.6. Differentiate between mitosis and meiosis. Also show how meiosis is significant in continuity to next generation? (20)

 

Q. No.7. Define mutations and mutagens. Give details of various means for the production of mutants in genetic studies. (20)

 

Q. No.8. Give a detailed descriptive and illustrative account of fine structure of gene. (20)