Q. No. 2. Discuss the life cycle of late blight of potato. Discuss its epidemics, disease forecast and control.(20)

 

Q. No. 3. Write a note on sporophyte of Pinus. Compare reproductive characteristics of Pinus with Selaginella. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. Write down the discovery, chemical structure, and role of gibberellins in regulating various physiological processes in plants. (20)

 

Q. No. 5. Describe nitrogen cycles between the abiotic environment and organisms. Briefly describe how human activities have changed global nitrogen budget. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. How Morgan and his students demonstrated that gene was linked in fruit flies? How linkage is related to some events in meiosis? (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Differentiate between plasmid and vector. Briefly explain bacteriophage lambda (λ) vector. Describe its working and selection process. (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write down a comprehensive notes on any TWO of the followings: (10 each) (20)
(a) The four components of taxonomy.
(b) Distribution of gymnosperms in Pakistan.
(c) Differences in vascular system of stem of monocot and dicot plants.