Q. No. 2. Dengue over the years has expanded significantly. Give a comprehensive management plan to reduce the disease burden. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 3. Migration is one of the most widespread characters of some of the chordates. Discuss. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 4. Cell to organism. How does this natural phenomena happen? (20)

 

 

Q. No. 5. What are enzymes and coenzymes? Discuss their role in life of the organism and the activities that are dependent upon them. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 6. Biogeochemical cycles are dependent on natural elemental sources for improving sustainability of ecosystems. How do these ecological drivers work and what is their impact on the environment? (20)

 

 

Q. No. 7. Integument pays a vital role in the survival of individuals. How would you compare the integument of invertebrates and which according to your opinion is the most diversified one and why? (20)

 

 

Q. No. 8. Make a comparison of feeding and digestion process in carnivores and Herbivores.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Explain in detail the most primitive metazoans and their evolution. (20)

 

Q. No. 3. Write in detail the microscopic structure, skeleton, histology and sexual reproduction & development of Sycon gelatinosum. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. What are the general features of nematodes including physiology, prevalence and economic importance? (20)

 

Q. No. 5. How genetic equilibrium is upset. Explain. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. Discuss in detail taxonomic characters and phylogenetic reconstruction. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Describe mechanism of hormone actions. (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write in detail on extinction and biodiversity.

 

 

 

Q.2. Explain how the conquest and policy of Napolean-I influenced the Course of (20)
European history during the Nineteenth century

 

Q.3. “The Congress of Vienna was congress of aristocrats, to whom the ideas of nationality (20)
and democracy as proclaimed by the French Revolution were in-comprehensible or
loathsome. The rulers re-arranged Europe according to their own desires, disposing of
it as if it were their own property” (C.D. Hazen). Critically examine the work of
Congress of Vienna.

 

Q.4. “The Eastern Question entered upon a new and startling phase in 1908”. Discuss this (20)
phase from 1908 to 1914.

 

Q.5. What is Nihilism? Trace the rise and course of development of Nihilism in Russia. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. Bismark dominated European Politics from 1870-1890. Explain. (20)

 

Q.7. Give some account of the new political theories which became prominent in Europe (20)
during the later half of the Nineteenth century.

 

Q.8. Write notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each) (20)
(a) The reign of terror
(b) Kossuth
(c) Hetaireia philike

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Explain in detail the circulation, gas exchange and temperature regulation in reptiles. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 3. Describe various hormones of the mammalian adrenal gland with their functions. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 4. Write a detailed account on maintenance functions of class Arachnida. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 5. Define linked genes. Explain in detail the inheritance of X-linked recessive genes. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 6. Explain the body wall, digestion, nervous system and sensory organs of flat worms. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 7. How does excretion and osmoregulation occur in mammals? (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (05 each)
(a) Hardy-Weinberg theorem
(b) Sedimentary cycle
(c) Metamerism
(d) Mechanism of neuron action
(e) Invertebrate sensory receptors
(f) Gas exchange in Mammals

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Discuss emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance. Describe the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases.
(20)

 

Q. No. 3. How the members of Chordates are different from Hemichordates? Name five hallmarks shared by all chordates and describe functions of each.
(20)

 

Q. No. 4. What is the difference between bird’s migration and navigation? Discuss navigational resources used by different bird species in long distance migration.
(20)

 

Q. No. 5. How gene mutation differ from chromosomal aberration? Discuss the type(s) of mutation responsible for new variation of a trait.
(20)

 

Q. No. 6. Discuss sexual and asexual reproduction in protozoa. Explain parthenogenesis. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Describe Fluid-Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane. What are different types of movements across the plasma membrane?
(20)

 

Q. No. 8. Discuss the structure and functions of different types of neurons. Describe general pathway for the flow of information within the nervous system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Discuss in detail how do the marine and terrestrial animals meet the problems of salt and water balance?
(20)

 

Q. No. 3. Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands. Through how many kinds of receptors do the hormones act and how is the secretion rate controlled?
(20)

 

Q. No. 4. Arthropod exoskeleton is the most complex of invertebrate integuments. Describe its structure and explain the difference in the way the cuticle is hardened in Crustaceans and in insects.
(20)

 

Q. No. 5. Members of such a large and diverse phylum as mollusca impact humans in many ways. Discuss. Also name classes of the phylum with two differential characters for each.
(20)

 

Q. No. 6. (a) Discuss parasitic adaptation and medical importance with respect to nematodes.
(b) Write note on structural and functional adaptation in mammals.
(20)

 

Q. No. 7. Metamerism profoundly influences virtually every aspect of annelid structure and function, such as the anatomical arrangement of organs that are coincidentally with Metamerism. Discuss through logical reasoning.
(20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (05 each)
(a) Gas exchange in reptiles
(b) Carbohydrates: Nature’s Most Abundant Organic Substance
(c) Mendel’s Law of inheritance
(d) Food chain
(e) Social Behaviour and its impact on individuals
(f) Composition of blood

 

Q.1. Examine critically the social and political changes brought about by the
French Revolution in France from 1789-1795.

AQ.2. nalyze the factors responsible for the rise and fall of Napoleon
Bonaparte.

Q.3. Estimate the potential strengths and weaknesses of the orleanist monarchy
under Loius Phillipe.

Q.4. The Treaty of Berlin 1878 marked the end of one epoch and the beginning
of a new one in the history of Europe. Discuss

Q.5. Explain why and how events in the Balkans contributed to the growth of
international tension from 1908-1914.

Q.6.Critically assess the factors leading to the unification of Italy.

 

Q. No. 8. Write short NOTES on any TWO of the following:
(a) Continental System
(b) Holy Alliance
(c) Concert of Europe

 

Q.1. The League of Nations suffered a series of reverses which culminated
eventually in its complete collapse. Discuss

Q,2, Critically evaluate the causes and effects of Bolshevik Revolution (1917).

Q.3. What factors were mainly responsible for the rise of Hitler? What mainly
contributed to his downfall?

Q.4. Give a comparative analysis of NATO and Warsaw Pact.

Q.5. Critically assess the achievements and failures of Great Britain foreign
policy between two world wars.

Q.6. What were the salient features of Soviet policy of expansion in Eastern
Europe till 1960?

 

Q. No. 8. Write short NOTES on any TWO of the following:
(a) Italy’s Foreign Policy between two wars
(b) Collapse of Third French Republic
(c) European Common Market

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. How has the role of forests been identified in mitigating climate change? What are the various mechanisms designed in this regard? Also describe various controversies attached to these mechanisms? (20)

 

Q. No. 3. How the ecology of Arthropod vectors and their breeding habitats may be manipulated at different levels to introduce novel strategies for integrated pest management? (20)

 

Q. No. 4. How members of Hemichordata are different from Chordates? Highlight Phylogenetic significance of different classes of Hemichordata. (20)

 

Q. No. 5. Explain in detail the digestion of carbohydrates and fats in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract in simple stomach animals. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. One of the important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). Enlist the releasing factors/hormones of hypothalamus and explain their effects on target cells/tissue/glands. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Describe the synthesis, transport and functions of thyroid hormones. How the secretion of thyroid hormones is regulated in hyper-and-hypo thyrodism? (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (5 each)
(a) Control of nematode parasites
(b) Neo-Darwinian theory
(c) Adaptability pattern of mammals
(d) Advantages and disadvantages of allosteric regulation versus covalent modification
(e) Concept of second messenger in hormone action
(f) Adaptation of fishes in cold and hot water

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Q. No. 2.

Give an overview of National Parks of Pakistan and discuss current status of biodiversity in these parks.

(20)

 

Q. No. 3.

(a) Write down major reasons of success on earth in case of Arthropods.

(10)

(b) Explain different embryological stages in the development of an Echinoderm.

(10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 4.

(a) Describe different evolutionary trends in invertebrates and vertebrates reproduction.

(10)

(b) What do you know about endogenous and exogenous fishes of Pakistan?

(10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 5.

What do you know about Recombinant DNA technology? What are its basic steps and how this technology is beneficial to us?

(20)

 

Q. No. 6.

Discuss Green House Effect and Global Warming in the scenario of present climatic conditions.

(20)

 

Q. No. 7.

(a) Discuss the role of Hypothalamus in controlling pituitary gland function.

(10)

(b) How nervous system acts on animal behaviour? Explain with examples.

(10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 8.

Write short notes on TWO of the following topics:

(10 each)

(a) DNA Replication process in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

(b) Zoonotic Diseases

(c) Plate-Tectonics Theory

(20)

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Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20x1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.
1. Luftwaffe was the name of:
(a) German Air Force (b) Russian Air Force (c) French Air Force (d) Italian Air Force

2. Fabian Society was formed in:
(a) America (b) England (c) France (d) Spain

3. Einstein’s research experiments deal with:
(a) Atomic theory (b) Quantum Theory (c) Relativity Theory (d) Computer
Theory

4. George Jacques Danton was:
(a) Austrian Terrorist (b) Russian philosopher (c) British Economist (d) French
Moderatist

5. What in the meaning/understanding of the term “Weltpolitik”?
(a) World politics (b) National politics (c) Regional politics (d) Local politics

6. Who was ‘Adophe Thiers’?
(a) German statesman & historian (b) French statesman & historian
(c) British statesman & historian (d) Russian statesman & historian

7. When ‘Fashoda Incident’ happened?
(a) 1896 (b) 1897 (c) 1898 (d) 1899

8. In 1807 the Battle of Friedland was fought between:
(a) France & Germany (b) France & Britain (c) France & Italy (d) France & Russia

9. Who was the great revolutionary leader who led Vietnam to independence?
(a) Chew Kai Sheck (b) Sun Yat Sen (c) Nelson Mandela (d) Ho Chi Minh

10. ___________the STATES GENERAL was the:
(a) National Assembly of France (b) Federal Assembly of Germany
(c) Representative Assembly of Spain (d) Regional Assembly of Italy

11. The Treaty of Basle was signed in 1795 between:
(a) France & England (b) France & Prussia (c) France & Austria (d) France & Germany

12. Napoleon-I was defeated by Nelson in the Battle of Nile in:
(a) 1797 (b) 1798 (c) 1799 (d) 1800

13. The renowned book ‘MEIN KMPF’ was written by:
(a) Mussolini (b) Hindenburg (c) Churchill (d) Hitler

 

14. In 1804 the Serbs raised the standard of revolt against the Turkish rule under the leadership of:
(a) Alexander (b) Metternich (c) Franco (d) Karageorge

15. From 1812 to 1822 Castlereagh served as the foreign minister of:
(a) England (b) France (c) Germany (d) Russia

16. Who was GARIBALDI:
(a) German soldier & patriot (b) Russian soldier & patriot
(c) Italian soldier & patriot (d) Spanish soldier & patriot

17. In 1904 the Entente Cordiale was signed between:
(a) England & France (b) England & Germany (c) England & Russia (d) England & Italy

18. Alexander-II ascended the throne of Russia in:
(a) 1880 (b) 1885 (c) 1890 (d) 1895

19. The first written Constitution of France was enforced in:
(a) 1791 (b) 1792 (c) 1793 (d) 1794

20. Name the treaty which ended the Crimean war:
(a) Treaty of London (b) Treaty of Berlin (c) Treaty of Paris (d) Treaty of Rome

 

Q.2. What was the ‘Continental System’ and why did Napoleon try to enforce it after 1806?
Why did he fail?(20)

Q.3. ‘The Vienna settlement of 1815 was dictated throughout by consideration of power
politics’. Examine this view comprehensively.(20)

Q.4. ‘Eighteen years of neglect at home and obedience to Britain abroad’. Explain this
comment on the reign of Louis Philippe.(20)

Q.5. What were the greatest obstacles in the way of German Unification from 1815 to 1848?
Give your analysis.(20)

Q.6. ‘The Tsar believed that God had given them the duty to rule Russia without challenge
or opposition.’ How was this belief put into effect by Nicholas-I and Alexander-II?20)

Q.7. Explain the principal causes and results of the Crimean War. (20)

Q.8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:-
(a) Foreign policy of Bismarck
(b) Causes of First World War
(c) New Imperialism
(d) Metternich and problems of Habsburg Monarchy (1815-1848)

Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20x1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

1. Great Britain declared war against Germany in 1939 because Germany had attacked:
(a) Poland (b) Austria (c) Spain (d) France

2. What was the duration of First World War?
(a) 1914-1917 (b) 1914-1918 (c) 1914-1919 (d) 1914-1920

3. Mustafa Kamal Ataturk was President of Turkey for:
(a) 12 years (b) 14 years (c) 16 years (d) 18 years

4. After the overthrow of Tsar in 1917 the Russian provisional government was headed by:
(a) Lenin (b) Stalin (c) Kerensky (d) Trotsky

5. The structure and principles of the League of Nations were contained in its:
(a) Preamble (b) Charter (c) Manifesto (d) Covenant

6. Black Hand was:
(a) German Elite Force (b) Serbian Secret Society
(c) Italian Fascist Squad (d) British Spy Agency

7. The Siege of Leningrad lasted for:
(a) 600 days (b) 700 days (c) 800 days (d) 900 days

8. Who said this,”I have no further territorial claims to make in Europe”?
(a) Stalin (b) Hitler (c) Mussolini (d) Franklin Roosevelt

9. Which British Prime Minister confronted problems soon after the Suez crisis of 1956?
(a) Harold Macmillan (b) Clement Attlee (c) Anthony Eden (d) Winston Churchall

10. The number of the founder members of UNO was:
(a) 45 (b) 55 (c) 65 (d) 75

11. Which was the German ballistic missile powered by a rocket engine used during World War-II?
(a) U-2 (b) V-2 (c) W-2 (d) X-2

12. Marshall Plan (1947) aimed at:
(a) Providing economic aid to European nations (b) Defeating Communist guerillas
(c) Establishing European Common Market (d) Developing a Military Academy in Europe

13. The purpose of Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) was:
(a) Help USSR against Germany (b) Give economic help to France
(c) Outlaw war as an instrument of policy (d) Help England against Germany

 

14. The Dunkirk Evacuation took place during:
(a) The Crimean war (b) The Balkan Wars (c) The First World War (d) The Second World War

15. Mussolini used the term “MARE NOSRUM” (our sea) for:
(a) Adriatic Sea (b) Black Sea (c) Dead Sea (d) Mediterranean Sea

16. What was the name of British Prime Minister who resigned on May 10, 1940?
(a) Baldwin (b) Churchill (c) Chamberlain (d) George Lloyad

17. During the Second World War Mussolini was imprisoned on the orders of King Victor Emmanuel in:
(a) 1941 (b) 1942 (c) 1943 (d) 1944

18. The city of Yalta where the big three met in February 1945 is located in:
(a) Russia (b) USA (c) France (d) Norway

19. After the Second World War the term ‘Reparations’ meant:
(a) Payments to allies by USA (b) Payments to allies by Germany
(c) Payments to allies by Prussia (d) Payments to allies by Italy

20. From the term German Diet is meant:
(a) German Food (b) German Army (c) German Assembly (d) German national dress

 

Q.2. Describe the part played by Italy, Turkey and the USA during the First World War.
Why did each of these countries become involved in the war?(20)

Q.3. How successful was the League of Nations as an instrument of collective security?
What major contributions were made by the League at the World level?(20)

Q.4. Describe the achievements of Mussolini at home and abroad between 1922 and 1936.
Why did Italy become the ally of Germany in 1936?(20)

Q.5. ‘The problems of the Weimar Republic stemmed from the Treaty of Versailles.’
Comment on this view of the failures of the Weimar Republic.(20)

Q.6. Why did the European War of 1939 become the World War of 1941? Give your
comprehensive comments.(20)

Q.7. Explain the aims of Soviet policy in Eastern Europe between 1945 and 1955? How far
were they achieved?(20)

Q.8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:-
(a) Charles de Gaulle’s contribution to France (b) Warsaw Pact
(c) Development of cold war (d) European Common Market