CRIMINOLOGY

Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet.(20x1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

1. Who is known as the “Father of Modern Criminology”?
(A) Cesare Lombroso (B) Beccaria (C) Sutherland (D) None of these

2. “Anomie” is associated with:
(A) Durkheim (B) Freud (C) Hirschi (D) None of these

3. Penology deals with the study of:
(A) Causes of crime (B) Punishment and prisons (C) Victim rights (D) All of these

4. Which theory states “people commit crime due to blocked opportunities”?
(A) Strain Theory (B) Labeling Theory (C) Conflict Theory (D) None of these

5. The Broken Windows Theory is associated with:
(A) Beccaria (B) Hirschi (C) Becker (D) None of these

6. The term “White-Collar Crime” was coined by:
(A) Reckless (B) Cohen (C) Sutherland (D) None of these

7. The routine activity theory emphasizes:
(A) Motivated offender (B) Suitable target (C) Absence of capable guardian (D) All of these

8. A crime committed without criminal intent is known as:
(A) Mens rea (B) Strict liability (C) Mala prohibita (D) All of these

9. “Mala in se” crimes are:
(A) Wrong because they are prohibited (B) Wrong in themselves
(C) Civil wrongs (D) None of these

10. The first modern police force was established in:
(A) USA (B) France (C) England (D) None of these

11. The term actus reus means:
(A) Criminal intent (B) Criminal act (C) Defense (D) All of these

12. Forensic pathology deals with:
(A) Dead bodies (B) DNA analysis (C) Fingerprints (D) None of these

13. According to Freud, criminality arises from imbalance in:
(A) Ego, Id, Superego (B) Body fluids (C) Strength (D) All of these

14. Environmental criminology focuses on:
(A) Forest protection (B) Crime locations and patterns (C) Weather/Climate (D) All of these

15. The psychological test for deception is:
(A) Narco test (B) DNA (C) Fingerprint (D) None of these

16. A criminal’s signature refers to:
(A) Unique ritualistic behaviour (B) Fingerprints (C) Legal signature (D) None of these

17. Labeling Theory was proposed by:
(A) Cohen (B) Freud (C) Becker (D) None of these

18. Predictive policing uses:
(A) Data analytics (B) Astrology (C) Guesswork (D) All of these

19. The M'Naghten Rule relates to:
(A) Eyewitness (B) Bail (C) Insanity defense (D) None of these

20. Eyewitness testimony is:
(A) Always accurate (B) Fully Scientific (C) Not allowed (D) None of these

Q. No. 2. How would you describe the criminological reasons behind the rise of misinformation and disinformation, especially during political conflicts? (20)

Q. No. 3. Explain how growing polarization among youth can contribute to hate crimes,
using basic concepts from symbolic interactionism. (20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 4. According to Conflict Theory, crime is a product of social inequality. In your opinion how relevant is this perspective for understanding the nature and patterns of crime in developing countries such as Pakistan. (20)

Q. No. 5. Discuss how emerging technologies such as deepfakes, quantum computing, and AI surveillance may influence the nature of crime in the coming decades.  (20)

SECTION-C

Q. No. 6. Discuss how declining public trust in institutions can contribute to deviant behaviour, non-cooperation, and social resistance in Pakistani society.
(20)

Q. No. 7. Analyze the contributions of UNODC and UNICEF in promoting criminal justice reforms, capacity-building, and child protection. Propose a strategic plan for Pakistan to leverage their programs for strengthening juvenile justice and antitrafficking measures. (20)

SECTION-D

Q. No. 8. Suggest practical crime-prevention strategies suitable for densely populated urban areas in Pakistan. Discuss their feasibility and potential effectiveness. (20)

Q. No. 9. Identify the possible effects of Artificial Intelligence on employment, surveillance, and social inequality in Pakistan from a criminological perspective.
(20)

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