European History Past Papers - CSS Forum

European History Past Papers 2015

zarnishayat — Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:54:32 +0000

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2015

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I

PART-II

Q.2. Explain how the conquest and policy of Napolean-I influenced the Course of (20)
European history during the Nineteenth century

Q.3. “The Congress of Vienna was congress of aristocrats, to whom the ideas of nationality (20)
and democracy as proclaimed by the French Revolution were in-comprehensible or
loathsome. The rulers re-arranged Europe according to their own desires, disposing of
it as if it were their own property” (C.D. Hazen). Critically examine the work of
Congress of Vienna.

Q.4. “The Eastern Question entered upon a new and startling phase in 1908”. Discuss this (20)
phase from 1908 to 1914.

Q.5. What is Nihilism? Trace the rise and course of development of Nihilism in Russia. (20)

Q. No. 6. Bismark dominated European Politics from 1870-1890. Explain. (20)

Q.7. Give some account of the new political theories which became prominent in Europe (20)
during the later half of the Nineteenth century.

Q.8. Write notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each) (20)
(a) The reign of terror
(b) Kossuth
(c) Hetaireia philike

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European History Past Papers 2014

zarnishayat — Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:46:09 +0000

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2014

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I

PART-II

Q.1. Examine critically the social and political changes brought about by the
French Revolution in France from 1789-1795.

AQ.2. nalyze the factors responsible for the rise and fall of Napoleon
Bonaparte.

Q.3. Estimate the potential strengths and weaknesses of the orleanist monarchy
under Loius Phillipe.

Q.4. The Treaty of Berlin 1878 marked the end of one epoch and the beginning
of a new one in the history of Europe. Discuss

Q.5. Explain why and how events in the Balkans contributed to the growth of
international tension from 1908-1914.

Q.6.Critically assess the factors leading to the unification of Italy.

Q. No. 8. Write short NOTES on any TWO of the following:
(a) Continental System
(b) Holy Alliance
(c) Concert of Europe

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
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EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-II

PART-II

Q.1. The League of Nations suffered a series of reverses which culminated
eventually in its complete collapse. Discuss

Q,2, Critically evaluate the causes and effects of Bolshevik Revolution (1917).

Q.3. What factors were mainly responsible for the rise of Hitler? What mainly
contributed to his downfall?

Q.4. Give a comparative analysis of NATO and Warsaw Pact.

Q.5. Critically assess the achievements and failures of Great Britain foreign
policy between two world wars.

Q.6. What were the salient features of Soviet policy of expansion in Eastern
Europe till 1960?

Q. No. 8. Write short NOTES on any TWO of the following:
(a) Italy’s Foreign Policy between two wars
(b) Collapse of Third French Republic
(c) European Common Market

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European History Past Papers 2013

zarnishayat — Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:36:39 +0000

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2013

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I

PART-I ((MCQs) (COMPULSORY)

Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20x1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.
1. Luftwaffe was the name of:
(a) German Air Force (b) Russian Air Force (c) French Air Force (d) Italian Air Force

2. Fabian Society was formed in:
(a) America (b) England (c) France (d) Spain

3. Einstein’s research experiments deal with:
(a) Atomic theory (b) Quantum Theory (c) Relativity Theory (d) Computer
Theory

4. George Jacques Danton was:
(a) Austrian Terrorist (b) Russian philosopher (c) British Economist (d) French
Moderatist

5. What in the meaning/understanding of the term “Weltpolitik”?
(a) World politics (b) National politics (c) Regional politics (d) Local politics

6. Who was ‘Adophe Thiers’?
(a) German statesman & historian (b) French statesman & historian
(c) British statesman & historian (d) Russian statesman & historian

7. When ‘Fashoda Incident’ happened?
(a) 1896 (b) 1897 (c) 1898 (d) 1899

8. In 1807 the Battle of Friedland was fought between:
(a) France & Germany (b) France & Britain (c) France & Italy (d) France & Russia

9. Who was the great revolutionary leader who led Vietnam to independence?
(a) Chew Kai Sheck (b) Sun Yat Sen (c) Nelson Mandela (d) Ho Chi Minh

10. ___________the STATES GENERAL was the:
(a) National Assembly of France (b) Federal Assembly of Germany
(c) Representative Assembly of Spain (d) Regional Assembly of Italy

11. The Treaty of Basle was signed in 1795 between:
(a) France & England (b) France & Prussia (c) France & Austria (d) France & Germany

12. Napoleon-I was defeated by Nelson in the Battle of Nile in:
(a) 1797 (b) 1798 (c) 1799 (d) 1800

13. The renowned book ‘MEIN KMPF’ was written by:
(a) Mussolini (b) Hindenburg (c) Churchill (d) Hitler

14. In 1804 the Serbs raised the standard of revolt against the Turkish rule under the leadership of:
(a) Alexander (b) Metternich (c) Franco (d) Karageorge

15. From 1812 to 1822 Castlereagh served as the foreign minister of:
(a) England (b) France (c) Germany (d) Russia

16. Who was GARIBALDI:
(a) German soldier & patriot (b) Russian soldier & patriot
(c) Italian soldier & patriot (d) Spanish soldier & patriot

17. In 1904 the Entente Cordiale was signed between:
(a) England & France (b) England & Germany (c) England & Russia (d) England & Italy

18. Alexander-II ascended the throne of Russia in:
(a) 1880 (b) 1885 (c) 1890 (d) 1895

19. The first written Constitution of France was enforced in:
(a) 1791 (b) 1792 (c) 1793 (d) 1794

20. Name the treaty which ended the Crimean war:
(a) Treaty of London (b) Treaty of Berlin (c) Treaty of Paris (d) Treaty of Rome

PART-II

Q.2. What was the ‘Continental System’ and why did Napoleon try to enforce it after 1806?
Why did he fail?(20)

Q.3. ‘The Vienna settlement of 1815 was dictated throughout by consideration of power
politics’. Examine this view comprehensively.(20)

Q.4. ‘Eighteen years of neglect at home and obedience to Britain abroad’. Explain this
comment on the reign of Louis Philippe.(20)

Q.5. What were the greatest obstacles in the way of German Unification from 1815 to 1848?
Give your analysis.(20)

Q.6. ‘The Tsar believed that God had given them the duty to rule Russia without challenge
or opposition.’ How was this belief put into effect by Nicholas-I and Alexander-II?20)

Q.7. Explain the principal causes and results of the Crimean War. (20)

Q.8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:-
(a) Foreign policy of Bismarck
(b) Causes of First World War
(c) New Imperialism
(d) Metternich and problems of Habsburg Monarchy (1815-1848)

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2013

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-II

PART-I ((MCQs) (COMPULSORY)

Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20x1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

1. Great Britain declared war against Germany in 1939 because Germany had attacked:
(a) Poland (b) Austria (c) Spain (d) France

2. What was the duration of First World War?
(a) 1914-1917 (b) 1914-1918 (c) 1914-1919 (d) 1914-1920

3. Mustafa Kamal Ataturk was President of Turkey for:
(a) 12 years (b) 14 years (c) 16 years (d) 18 years

4. After the overthrow of Tsar in 1917 the Russian provisional government was headed by:
(a) Lenin (b) Stalin (c) Kerensky (d) Trotsky

5. The structure and principles of the League of Nations were contained in its:
(a) Preamble (b) Charter (c) Manifesto (d) Covenant

6. Black Hand was:
(a) German Elite Force (b) Serbian Secret Society
(c) Italian Fascist Squad (d) British Spy Agency

7. The Siege of Leningrad lasted for:
(a) 600 days (b) 700 days (c) 800 days (d) 900 days

8. Who said this,”I have no further territorial claims to make in Europe”?
(a) Stalin (b) Hitler (c) Mussolini (d) Franklin Roosevelt

9. Which British Prime Minister confronted problems soon after the Suez crisis of 1956?
(a) Harold Macmillan (b) Clement Attlee (c) Anthony Eden (d) Winston Churchall

10. The number of the founder members of UNO was:
(a) 45 (b) 55 (c) 65 (d) 75

11. Which was the German ballistic missile powered by a rocket engine used during World War-II?
(a) U-2 (b) V-2 (c) W-2 (d) X-2

12. Marshall Plan (1947) aimed at:
(a) Providing economic aid to European nations (b) Defeating Communist guerillas
(c) Establishing European Common Market (d) Developing a Military Academy in Europe

13. The purpose of Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928) was:
(a) Help USSR against Germany (b) Give economic help to France
(c) Outlaw war as an instrument of policy (d) Help England against Germany

14. The Dunkirk Evacuation took place during:
(a) The Crimean war (b) The Balkan Wars (c) The First World War (d) The Second World War

15. Mussolini used the term “MARE NOSRUM” (our sea) for:
(a) Adriatic Sea (b) Black Sea (c) Dead Sea (d) Mediterranean Sea

16. What was the name of British Prime Minister who resigned on May 10, 1940?
(a) Baldwin (b) Churchill (c) Chamberlain (d) George Lloyad

17. During the Second World War Mussolini was imprisoned on the orders of King Victor Emmanuel in:
(a) 1941 (b) 1942 (c) 1943 (d) 1944

18. The city of Yalta where the big three met in February 1945 is located in:
(a) Russia (b) USA (c) France (d) Norway

19. After the Second World War the term ‘Reparations’ meant:
(a) Payments to allies by USA (b) Payments to allies by Germany
(c) Payments to allies by Prussia (d) Payments to allies by Italy

20. From the term German Diet is meant:
(a) German Food (b) German Army (c) German Assembly (d) German national dress

PART-II

Q.2. Describe the part played by Italy, Turkey and the USA during the First World War.
Why did each of these countries become involved in the war?(20)

Q.3. How successful was the League of Nations as an instrument of collective security?
What major contributions were made by the League at the World level?(20)

Q.4. Describe the achievements of Mussolini at home and abroad between 1922 and 1936.
Why did Italy become the ally of Germany in 1936?(20)

Q.5. ‘The problems of the Weimar Republic stemmed from the Treaty of Versailles.’
Comment on this view of the failures of the Weimar Republic.(20)

Q.6. Why did the European War of 1939 become the World War of 1941? Give your
comprehensive comments.(20)

Q.7. Explain the aims of Soviet policy in Eastern Europe between 1945 and 1955? How far
were they achieved?(20)

Q.8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:-
(a) Charles de Gaulle’s contribution to France (b) Warsaw Pact
(c) Development of cold war (d) European Common Market

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European History Past Papers 2012

zarnishayat — Sat, 22 Aug 2026 13:26:08 +0000

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2012

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I

PART-II

Q. 2. What were the similarities and differences in the views of Voltaire, Montesquieu and
Rousseau? Enumerate their achievements. (20)

Q. 3. “If the conquests of Napoleon were ephemeral, his civilian work in France was built upon
granite”. Explain. (20)

Q. 4. “I have come to the world either too early or too late.” (Metternich). Explain this and
make an estimate of his work as a Statesman and as a Prime Minister. (20)

Q. 5. Explain the causes of the establishment of the Bourgeoise monarchy of Louis Philippes.
Do you hold it responsible for the Revolution of 1848 in France? (20)

Q. 6. Compare the ideals of Cavour and Bismarck in achieving the unification of their
respective countries. (20)

Q. 7. “The Eastern Question had long perplexed the powers of Europe, and had, at the same
time, lured them on to seek their own advantage in its labyrinthine mazes”. Discuss. (20)

Q. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:
(i) Treaty of Chaumont
(ii) The French in North Africa
(iii) The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
(iv) The Triple Entente 1907

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2012

ENGLISH LITERATURE, PAPER-II

PART-II
SECTION-I

Q. 2. Throughout the play, Hamlet claims to be feigning madness, but his portrayal of madness
is so intense and so convincing that many readers are led to believe that Hamlet actually
slips into insanity at certain moments in the play. Do you think this is true, or is Hamlet
merely play-acting insanity? Substantiate your view point through evidence from the
play. (20)

Q. 3. Could ‘Pygmalion’ be set in the modern day at a time when there are, generally, more
opportunities for women? (20)

Q. 4. Complex, satiric, full of symbolism and illusions to famous works of literature, The
Waste Land is a landmark of the 20th Century. Discuss in detail. (20)

Q. 5. Swift’s irony reaches its crescendo in the fourth voyage of Gulliver. Elaborate. (20)

SECTION-II

Q. 6. ‘A man can be destroyed but not defeated’ is well depicted by Hemingway in “Old Man
and the Sea”. Discuss in detail. (20)

Q. 7. Is “The Second Coming” definitely a ‘visionary poem’? If yes describe what Yeats
vision is? (20)

Q. 8. Jane Austen’s writing is a vivid account of her understanding of the human behaviour.
Illustrate the truth from her novel “Pride and Prejudice”.
(20

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European History Past Papers 2011

zarnishayat — Sat, 22 Aug 2026 11:48:40 +0000

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2011

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I

(PART-I MCQs)

(COMPULSORY)

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (1 x 20=20)

(i) The Industrial Revolution was:
(a) A broad political movement that swept away the old regime in France.
(b) A social revolution that destabilized the Eastern European states.
(c) An economic transformation of the agricultural sector in the United Kingdom.
(d) A socio-economic process that gradually created technology and capital intensive systems of
production.
(e) None of these.

(ii) The categorization of Left, Center and Right, emerged from which major political change?
(a) The French Revolution of 1789 (b) The Reform Act of 1832
(c) The Revolution of 1848 (d) The Unification of Germany (e) None of these

(iii) The French Monarch, Louis XVI, failed to mobilize the army and crush the rebellion because:
(a) He got conflicting advice from his financial managers and was worried about the economic impact of
a crackdown.
(b) He wanted a political solution to the conflict.
(c) He was a pious Catholic who did not want to shed the blood of his co-religionists.
(d) He was indecisive and doubted the reliability of the army.
(e) None of these.

(iv) The Congress System that emerged from the Vienna settlement was:
(a) An early exercise in global government.
(b) A diplomatic exercise designed to maintain the domestic and territorial stability of the Habsburg
dynastic state.
(c) A failed attempt to entangle France in the affairs of the Continent.
(d) A successful attempt to prevent the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire.
(e) None of these.

(v) The British gradually adopted a policy of splendid isolation after the Napoleonic Wars because:
(a) Their government was under intense domestic pressure to abandon overseas adventurism after nearly
25 years of military conflict.
(b) They were facing acute religious and sectarian difficulties.
(c) They did not feel threatened by domestic instability.
(d) They felt they had been deceived by the Austrians.
(e) None of these

(vi) The Metternich System was:
(a) A reactionary system designed to halt communism.
(b) A reactionary system designed to suppress the Catholic Church.
(c) A reactionary system designed to save the Hohenzollern dynasty.
(d) A reactionary system designed to prevent the spread of anti-monarchical thought.
(e) None of these.

(vii) The greatest milestone in the constitutional development of Britain was:
(a) The industrial revolution of 1825. (b) The suppression of the Indian rebels in 1857-8.
(c) The Reform Act of 1834. (d) The Reform Act of 1836. (e) None of these.

(viii) Otto von Bismarck was ably assisted by:
(a) Roon & Moltke (b) Schulenberg & Roon
(c) Fredrick & Moltke (d) Wilhelm & Roon (e) None of these

(ix) Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi were:
(a) Italian leaders who wanted a Constitutional Monarchy in Italy.
(b) Italian Nationalists who wanted to oust the Austrians.
(c) Italian revolutionaries who wanted to crush the Catholic Church.
(d) Italian romantics who wanted to establish a Communist Republic.
(e) None of these.

(x) Napoleon I is known as a great reformer primarily because of:
(a) The Code Nationale. (b) The Concordat.
(c) The Code Penal. (d) The Education Reforms.
(e) None of these.

(xi) In Europe, the unification of Germany is regarded as more important than the unification of Italy because:
(a) Germany was culturally a more important country.
(b) Germany’s unification altered the balance of power in Europe.
(c) Germany’s leaders were far more competent.
(d) Germany had already industrialized before unification while Italy was still backward.
(e) None of these.

(xii) The Communist Manifesto is:
(a) Responsible for the French Revolution and inspired the Jacobins.
(b) An articulation of the Marxist philosophy of history.
(c) An excellent example of the Romantic Movement in European thought.
(d) An unimportant pamphlet that was easily suppressed and soon forgotten.
(e) None of these.

(xiii) The three major European Imperial powers of the 1800s were:
(a) France, Russia and England. (b) Germany, Russia and England.
(c) France, England and the Netherlands. (d) England, France, and Germany. (e) None of these

(xiv) A stable balance of power is achieved when:
(a) Maximum offensive power is equal to maximum defensive power.
(b) Minimum offensive power is equal to minimum defensive power.
(c) Maximum offensive power is less than minimum defensive power.
(d) Minimum offensive power is less than minimum defensive power.
(e) None of these.

(xv) Bismarck’s policy post 1871 was:
(a) Isolate Russia, ally with Austria, reconcile with France, challenge England.
(b) Isolate France, ally with Austria, befriend Russia, keep England neutral.
(c) Aggressive expansion overseas.
(d) Spread nationalism in Europe to other oppressed nationalities.
(e) None of these.

(xvi) Napoleon III was:
(a) The son of Napoleon II. (b) The grandson of Napoleon I.
(c) The cousin of Napoleon II. (d) The younger brother of Napoleon I.
(e) None of these.

(xvii) The term “Entente Cordiale” means:
(a) A friendly understanding. (b) A military alliance.
(c) A defense pact. (d) A comprehensive Treaty of Friendship. (e) None of these.

(xviii) Pan-Slavism is:
(a) The notion that all Russians should live under one state.
(b) The idea that all Slavic Peoples are essentially one national community.
(c) A version of Greek Orthodox Christianity popular in Serbia.
(d) An exclusive anti-Austrian ideology.
(e) None of these.

(xix) Zollverein and Weltpolitik are:
(a) German political institutions. (b) German policy initiatives.
(c) German imperial concepts. (d) Examples of German ambitiousness. (e) None of these.

(xx) On the eve of the First World War the leaderships of all the major powers believed that:
(a) The war was inevitable and was going to be a long and bloody affair.
(b) They would be quickly and completely victorious over their enemies.
(c) The war was a terrible mistake and totally unnecessary.
(d) They were under a legal obligation to go to war even if it did not suit their national interests.
(e) None of these.

PART-II

Q.2. Why did Britain experience an economic revolution without seriously political upheaval in the 1800s?
Discuss. (20)

Q.3. Do you think the French revolution was inevitable? Defend your opinion. (20)

Q.4. What were the roles of the major European powers in the Eastern Question? Did any one of them have
an effective answer to the Eastern Question? Discuss. (20)

Q.5. How did the rise of nationalism in Europe threaten the Russian and Austrian empires? Discuss. (20)

Q.6. How did the socio-economic transformation of Europe post-1815 contribute to expansionism abroad?
Are there any broader lessons to be learnt from the phenomenon of European imperialism? (20)

Q.7. Define progress. Do you think that the nineteenth century was an age of progress? Defend your opinion
with reference to the history of the period. (20)

Q.8. Compare the foreign policy of Bismarck from 1871 and 1890 to the foreign policy of the Kaiser
between 1890 and 1914. Critically evaluate the similarities and differences.

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2011

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-II

(PART-I MCQs)

(COMPULSORY)

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (1 x 20=20)

(i) George Kennan articulated the Containment policy in:
(a) The X article and the Long Telegram. (b) The Long Telegram.
(c) The X article. (d) The X Telegram. (e) None of these.

(ii) Phil-Hellenism refers to:
(a) A pro-Turkish Policy. (b) A pro-Greek Policy.
(c) A Neutral Policy towards Greece and Turkey. (d) A Hostile policy towards Greece and Turkey.
(e) None of these.

(iii) The Marshall Plan was:
(a) An emergency plan to aid all non-communist countries.
(b) An American plan designed to help all European countries rebuild after the First World War.
(c) An Anglo-American plan to rapidly develop Japan as a bulwark against Soviet expansionism.
(d) The official US policy towards the Middle East. (e) None of these.

(iv) Winston Churchill was the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from:
(a) September 1939-July 1945. (b) May 1940-July 1945.
(c) January 1940-July 1945. (d) August 1920-June 1924. (e) None of these.

(v) The SS were Adolf Hitler’s:
(a) Elite body guards reporting to Hitler himself. (b) Crack troops reporting to General Manstein.
(c) Elite party guard reporting to Himmler. (d) Secret Police reporting to Goering. (e) None of these

(vi) Trotsky believed in permanent revolution while Stalin believed in:
(a) Marxist Gradualism. (b) Leninist Revolutionist Doctrine.
(c) Socialism in One Country. (d) The People First Approach. (e) None of these.

(vii) The decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan was taken in order to:
(a) Test a new weapon. (b) Intimidate the Soviet Union.
(c) Save additional US casualties. (d) All of these. (e) None of these.

(viii) The Sudetenland was:
(a) A part of Austria that Mussolini coveted. (b) A part of Poland that Stalin coveted.
(c) A part of Czechoslovakia that Hitler coveted.
(d) A part of France claimed by both Germany and France. (e) None of these.

(ix) Blitzkrieg was:
(a) The German Operational Strategy that emphasized firepower, movement, and inter-services battlefield integration.
(b) The German Operational Strategy that focused on static defense of German territory.
(c) The German Operational Strategy that relied solely on airpower to win wars.
(d) The German Operational Strategy that emphasized total resources.
(e) None of these.

(x) Lloyd George was:
(a) The British Prime Minister responsible for the appeasement of Germany.
(b) The British Prime Minister who advocated a pro-Turkish policy.
(c) The British Prime Minister who led his country to victory in the First World War.
(d) The British Prime Minister who was a lifelong enemy of Winston Churchill.
(e) None of these.

(xi) Ideologically, Mussolini was:
(a) A conservative Catholic who turned to Fascism.
(b) A radical socialist who became an ultra-nationalist.
(c) Always a fascist. (d) A socialist at heart. (e) None of these.

(xii) The Soviet Union’s casualties in World War II are estimated as:
(a) Between 1 and 5 million dead, 10 million wounded.
(b) Between 5 and 7 million dead, 20 million wounded.
(c) Between 20 and 25 million dead, indeterminate number wounded.
(d) Between 30 and 40 million dead, 50 million wounded.
(e) None of these.

(xiii) Hitler’s decision to invade the Soviet Union was delayed by which combination of factors?
(a) The need to help Mussolini in the Balkans and North Africa as well as immense logistical problems.
(b) Hitler’s desire to win a winter campaign in Russia and break the curse of Napoleon.
(c) The incompetence of the German General Staff and their lack of resources.
(d) The British aerial bombardment of Germany and the French resistance to Nazi rule.
(e) None of these.

(xiv) Konrad Adenauer was:
(a) The last Chancellor of United Germany. (b) Hitler’s greatest political rival.
(c) The first Chancellor of West Germany. (d) The second Chancellor of West Germany.
(e) None of these.

(xv) The four powers responsible for Berlin after WWII were:
(a) USA, USSR, UK, Netherlands. (b) USSR, UK, France, Netherlands.
(c) France, UK, USSR, USA. (d) USA, Italy, France, UK. (e) None of these.

(xvi) The Five-Year Plans were:
(a) An initiative taken by Nazi Germany to rapidly recover after WWI.
(b) The Soviet economic development plans designed to industrialize the country.
(c) The American plan to counter the Great Depression.
(d) The Anglo-French plan to develop the global economy.
(e) None of these.

(xvii) The United Nations Security Council is:
(a) A council of Great Powers that operates on the basis of Great Power consensus.
(b) A council of Great Powers that operates on the majority principle.
(c) A council of Great Powers that operates on the consultative principle.
(d) A council of Great Powers that operates on the majority and consultative principles.
(e) None of these.

(xviii) The League of Nations and UN had their Headquarters in:
(a) Geneva. (b) London. (c) New York City. (d) Paris. (e) None of these.

(xix) Collective security is:
(a) The idea that all nations must support each other militarily.
(b) The concept that any act of aggression against one state is a threat to all states.
(c) The same thing as the Balance of Power but just under a new name.
(d) The philosophy of mutual interdependence.
(e) None of these.

(xx) In the view of the Soviet Union and the USA the core theater of the Cold War was:
(a) Africa because of its resources. (b) Latin America because of its location.
(c) East Asia because of its population. (d) Europe because of its industrial development.
(e) None of these.

PART-II

Q.2. Why did the Versailles settlement prove to be “a ceasefire for twenty years”? Analyze. (20)

Q.3. How would history have unfolded differently if Nazi Germany and its allies had emerged
victorious in the Second World War? Discuss. (20)

Q.4. Was the rapid industrialization of the USSR worth the human cost of Stalinism? Develop and
defend your opinion. (20)

Q.5. How did US and Soviet misperceptions of each other lead to the Cold War? Discuss. (20)

Q.6. Does the history of the period 1914-1960 offer any basis for optimism with regard to the
prospects of world peace? Discuss. (20)

Q.7. What are the major differences between Mussolini’s Fascism and Hitler’s Nazism? Discuss. (20)

Q.8. How did the rise of the United States of America affect the outcome of major conflicts between
1914 and 1945? Discuss.

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European History Past Papers 2009

zarnishayat — Sat, 22 Aug 2026 11:33:10 +0000

BLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2009

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-I

PART – I (MCQ)
(COMPULSORY)

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (20)

(i) By the Treaty of Paris (March 1856) warships were forbidden on the _________.

(a) Danube (b) Dead Sea
(c) Black Sea (d) None of these

(ii) The Peace of Amiens was signed in __________.
(a) 1802 (b) 1803
(c) 1804 (d) None of these

(iii) Truce at Villafranca was signed between France and __________.
(a) Germany (b) Russia
(c) Austria (d) Turkey

(iv) In 1908, Bosnia and Herzegovina were annexed by _________.
(a) Austria (b) Turkey
(c) Russia (d) None of these

(v) The Treaty of Campo Formino was signed in October ________.
(a) 1789 (b) 1795
(c) 1799 (d) None of these

(vi) The Convention of Gastein (1865) was highly disadvantageous to __________.
(a) Austria (b) Prussia
(c) France (d) None of these

(vii) Von Moltke was a Prussian _________.
(a) Statesman (b) Foreign Minister
(c) General (d) None of these

(viii) Panslavist ambitions were checked by congress of Berlin in _________.
(a) 1856 (b) 1868
(c) 1876 (d) None of these

(ix) Wallachia and Moldavia were ____________ principalities.
(a) Syrian (b) Russian
(c) Danubian (d) None of these

(x) Cavour was to _________ what Bismark was to Germany.
(a) Austria (b) France
(c) Belgium (d) None of these

(xi) Nichlos I was born in 1825 and died in __________.
(a) 1855 (b) 1885
(c) 1915 (d) None of these

(xii) Congress of Laibach was held in __________.
(a) 1807 (b) 1819
(c) 1820 (d) None of these

(xiii) The capital of __________ was Prague.
(a) Hungary (b) Bohemia
(c) Hanover (d) None of these

(xiv) Talleyrand was a diplomat from ___________.
(a) Germany (b) France
(c) Austria (d) None of these

(xv) The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed in 1807 by Spain to join in an attack on ________.
(a) Portugal (b) Morocco
(c) England (d) None of these

(xvi) The Declaration of the Rights of Man was prefixed to the French constitution of _______.
(a) 1791 (b) 1792
(c) 1793 (d) None of these

(xvii) Foundations of the __________ Republic were laid in 1870.
(a) First (b) Second
(c) Third (d) Fourth

(xviii) Napolean was born in _______________.
(a) Elba (b) Corsica
(c) St. Halena (d) None of these

(xix) Social contract was written by ____________.
(a) Napolean (b) Voltaire
(c) Rousseau (d) None of these

(xx) Tithe was a tax related to ___________.
(a) Education (b) Land
(c) Business (d) None of these

PART – II

Q.2. “The French Revolution was precipitated by economic factors and the train which had been
laid by finances”. (Guedalla). Comment. (20)

Q.3. “O Liberty! What crimes are committed in thy name”. (Madam Roland). Comment in the
light of Reign of Terror. (20)

Q.4. The Treaty of Tilsit marked the zenith of power of Napolean in Europe. Discuss. (20)

Q.5. What part did Mazzani, Cavour, Gaxibaldi and Victor Emmenual play in the history
of Italian unification. (20)

Q.6. The Crimean War in a sense was watershed of European history. (20)

Q.7. Discuss the principles underlying the colonial expansion of European Powers in later half of
the 19th century. (20)

Q.8. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following: (20)
(i) French Revolution of 1830.
(ii) Bismark
(iv) Metternich
(v) Triple Alliance 1882

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2009

EUROPEAN HISTORY, PAPER-II

PART – I (MCQ)
(COMPULSORY)

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (20)

(i) The treaty of Bucharest was imposed by Germany on _________.
(a) Algeria (b) Bulgaria
(c) Rumania (d) None of these

(ii) Atlantic Charter was issued in __________.
(a) 1941 (b) 1943
(c) 1945 (d) None of these

(iii) The project of Baghdad Railways was conceived by __________.
(a) Russia (b) Germany
(c) USA (d) England

(iv) Germany withdrew from the League of Nations in _________.
(a) 1930 (b) 1932
(c) 1934 (d) None of these

(v) USA entered the First World War in ________.
(a) 1914 (b) 1915
(c) 1917 (d) None of these

(vi) Bulgaria entered the First World War in __________.
(a) 1914 (b) 1915
(c) 1916 (d) None of these

(vii) In the Battle of Passchendacle 1917 British losses were _________.
(a) Six hundred thousand (b) Five thousand
(c) Three hundred thousand (d) None of these

(viii) The _________ plan came into existence in 1929.
(a) Marshall (b) Berlin
(c) Young (d) None of these

(ix) By the Treaty of Versailles German Army was limited to ____________.
(a) Six hundred thousand (b) Three hundred thousand
(c) One hundred thousand (d) None of these

(x) The Kellogg Pact was singed in _________.
(a) 1917 (b) 1926
(c) 1927 (d) None of these

(xi) In __________ the Reparation Committee fixed Germany’s reparation debt at 6,6000 million
Marks.
(a) 1921 (b) 1927
(c) 1937 (d) None of these

(xii) Mustafa Kamal was born in __________.
(a) Angora (b) Salonika
(c) Sakaria (d) None of these

(xiii) The Treaty of Brestlitovsk was dictated to ________ by Germany.
(a) France (b) Austria
(c) England (d) None of these

(xiv) The Dawes Settlement was signed in ___________.
(a) 1915 (b) 1924
(c) 1925 (d) None of these

(xv) Battle of Jutland was fought in ________.
(a) 1916 (b) 1915
(c) 1914 (d) None of these

(xvi) The Treaty of _______ was signed with Bulgaria.
(a) Trianon (b) St. Germain
(c) Neuilly (d) None of these

(xvii) Germany faced __________ during invasion of Norway.
(a) Little resistance (b) Some resistance
(c) Much opposition (d) None of these

(xviii) By the Treaty of Lousanne, Turkey was allowed to retain _______________.
(a) Smyrna and Constantinople (b) Constantinople and Armenia
(c) Smyrna and Armenia (d) None of these

(xix) Hitler became President of Germany in ____________.
(a) 1932 (b) 1933
(c) 1934 (d) None of these

(xx) Japan wihdrew from the League of Nations in ___________.
(a) 1932 (b) 1931
(c) 1930 (d) None of these

PART – II

Q.2. Critically examine the Treaty of Versailles. (20)

Q.3. What is the significance of Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in the world history? (20)

Q.4. Explain the policy and methods of Hitler and describe his rise to power. (20)

Q.5. What do you know of Fascism? How did it benefit the Italians? (20)

Q.6. Evaluate the achievements of European Common Market. (20)

Q.7. Evaluate the role of the League of Nations between the two wars. (20)

Q.8. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following: (20)
(i) Stalin
(ii) Depression of 1929 and England
(iv) Kamal Attaturk
(v) UNO.

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