Q. No. 2.

(a) Define and describe Governance as formation and management of the formal and informal mechanisms that regulate the public realms. (8)

(b) Describe various indicators of good governance such as Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Accountability, Responsiveness and Efficiency. (12)

 

Q. No. 3.

(a) Rational Choice Theory proposes that a rational person is guided by the incentive system within which he/she operates. Explain the implication of this theory in relation to transforming systems and models of public sector governance. (10)

(b) In response to the rational choice theorists, new institutionalism theory prescribes a more comprehensive understanding of social behaviour. Explain how the new institutionalism theorists see self-interest, social values, and power structures as determinants of social behaviour. (10)

 

Q. No. 4.

The Planning Commission (PC) is an apex financial and public policy making institution of the Government of Pakistan. Elaborate the role of PC in terms of policy development for national economic growth and development of social infrastructure through the Public Sector Development Programs (PSDP). (20)

 

Q. No. 5.

(a) A multitude of models are proposed for public policy making process. Describe and explain the six step model proposed by Patton and Swacki (1986) that begins with defining and diagnosing the problem. (10)

(b) Pakistan has a mixed-economy with a considerably large public sector. It is believed that size and scope of government needs substantial reduction in order to reduce fiscal deficit and achieve economic efficiency. Suggest strategies for gradual process of right-sizing in public sector of Pakistan. (10)

 

Q. No. 6.

(a) Local government reforms have been designed and implemented across Pakistan during three military regimes in 1959, 1979 and 2001. Present an overview of causes of failure and success (if any) of the aforementioned reforms. (10)

(b) The case of decentralization reforms in the Indian state of Kerala has attracted a world-wide attention. Highlight key features of Kerala’s decentralization model that was initiated in 1996 by the LDF (Leftist Democratic Front). (10)

 

Q. No. 7.

Federal character of Pakistan’s government is enshrined in its 1973 constitution. 18th constitutional amendment enhanced political and fiscal space for Pakistan’s constituent units. Highlight key features of 18th constitutional amendment and explain its significance for the smaller provinces of Pakistan. (20)

 

Q. No. 8.

According to the new public management model, the role of citizens in enhancing governance of public sector is critically important. Explain how civil society − an instrumental pillar of the state − can potentially transform the outcomes of governance for the benefit of citizenry. (20)

---