Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20×1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

 

1.

Woodrow Wilson argued that the work of government agencies would be accomplished more effectively by:

(A) Adopting the business principles of the private sector
(B) Combining administration and politics
(C) Rejecting the business model
(D) Decentralizing administrative authority

2.

Three key pillars of the state are:

(A) Judiciary, legislature, executive
(B) Judiciary, media, legislature
(C) Judiciary, media, executive
(D) All of these

3.

The ambiguity of public administration refers to:

(A) The need for more precise job descriptions.
(B) The difficulty of specifying specific objectives.
(C) A lack of hierarchical structure
(D) The problem of separating political decisions from administrative ones.

4.

Public policies are:

(A) The laws.
(B) Made only in cabinet.
(C) Never made by public administrators.
(D) Authoritative statements by legitimate governmental actors about public problems.

5.

Public agencies:

(A) Play an important role in shaping public policy
(B) Do not provide testimony in support of policy proposals
(C) Have no role in formulating public policy
(D) Are not involved in the policy process

6.

“Agenda setting” in the policy process refers to:

(A) Identifying problems that will be acted on by decision makers
(B) Developing formal policy statements
(C) Putting policies into action
(D) Implementing programs

7.

Determining whether a particular policy has had the intended effect is called:

(A) Policy legitimation.
(B) Policy formulation.
(C) Policy evaluation.
(D) Policy implementation.

8.

The transfer of resources and power to lower level authorities which are largely or wholly independent of higher level of governments are termed as:

(A) Devolution
(B) Decentralization
(C) Co-production
(D) Integration

9.

A central theme of the “reinvention” is the need for:

(A) An increase in the size of the bureaucracy.
(B) Standardized methods of problem solving.
(C) Higher taxes.
(D) More entrepreneurial forms of government.

10.

Which one of the following statements is NOT correct with respect to New Public Management?

(A) It has market orientation.
(B) It upholds the need to be centralized.
(C) It advocates managerial autonomy.
(D) It focuses on performance appraisal.

11.

If a public servant imposes duties and obligations upon the citizens, which are not required by the law, it can lead to:

(A) Abuse of law
(B) Abuse of power
(C) Error of authority
(D) Error of fact finding

12.

The term _____________ refers to a way of working where service providers and users work together to reach a collective outcome.

(A) Co-management
(B) Partnership
(C) Co-production
(D) Co-operation

13.

Which among of the following is not considered as part of the Civil Society?

(A) Non-governmental organizations
(B) Religious groups
(C) Legislature
(D) Think tanks

14.

The role of the judiciary in serving as a check on agencies is through:

(A) Holding trials for administrators who break the law.
(B) Reviewing the legality of each policy proposed by an agency.
(C) Writing the rules used by agencies to implement policies.
(D) Interpreting mandates to agencies and reviewing agency actions.

15.

One of the most dramatic developments in recent years in the relationship between agencies and the courts is:

(A) The courts’ refusal to rule on administrative decisions.
(B) The direct involvement of the courts in agency administration.
(C) The courts’ avoidance of involvement in cases concerning prison management.
(D) The decrease in administrative equity cases heard by the courts.

16.

The term privatization refers to:

(A) The placement of private business owners into public positions of authority.
(B) Efforts to give the government more control over certain types of industry.
(C) The use of nongovernmental/private organizations to provide public goods and services.
(D) Removing private involvement in any government program.

17.

Increased use of private firms for the delivery of public services comes in part from:

(A) Ideological conviction by some that services should be provided by nongovernmental/private organizations whenever possible.
(B) Increased governmental ability to pay private organizations for services.
(C) The effort to involve government in service delivery.
(D) Efforts to increase the governmental role in policy development.

18.

In the study of Public Ethics, consequentialism refers to:

(A) Evaluating right and wrong by studying the actions themselves.
(B) Evaluating things by following the principles of virtuousness.
(C) Evaluating right and wrong by studying possible outcomes of actions to be taken.
(D) Evaluating things by following the principles of bureaucracy.

19.

In which year, was the 18th Constitutional Amendment passed by the national assembly of Pakistan?

(A) 2009
(B) 2010
(C) 2011
(D) 2012

20.

The _________ is a summary composite measure of a country's average achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, knowledge and standard of living.

(A) Humanistic development idea
(B) Human development index
(C) Human development initiative
(D) Human developing indicator

 

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.

(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q.Paper.

(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.

(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

Q. 2.

Identify and explain three dominant governance paradigms also referred to as waves of reforms in the study and practice of public administration and management.

(20)

 

Q. 3.

In the realm of public management and governance, a notable trend involves growing collaboration between the public and private sectors. Evaluate the necessity of such collaborations within the context of Pakistan, while also exploring the potential advantages and hurdles associated with these partnerships.

(20)

 

Q. 4.

‘While wicked and unruly problems like social inequalities in health and education create an urgent need for policy innovation, policy makers in Pakistan are badly positioned to initiate, drive and lead this innovation’.

Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take.

(20)

 

Q. 5.

What are the key considerations in determining whether community participation is an effective policy-making tool in the context of Pakistan?

(20)

 

Q. 6.

Since, by definition, corruption undermines good governance, one way to fight corruption is by advancing the government’s responsiveness, accountability, and transparency. Discuss.

(20)

 

Q. 7.

Critically examine the ways in which reliance on donor funding has improved or impaired the quality of governance in Pakistan.

(20)

 

Q. 8.

Evaluate the challenges and obstacles hindering the widespread adoption of e-governance in Pakistan. Identify and discuss three major hurdles and propose strategies or recommendations to overcome these barriers for effective e-governance implementation.

(20)