POLITICAL SCIENCE

PAPER-I

Time Allowed: Three Hours
Part-I (MCQs): Maximum 30 Minutes
Part-I: 20 Marks
Part-II: 80 Marks

PART-I — MCQs

The 20 MCQs cover topics including:

1. Modern Political Realism.
2. Al-Farabi and preservation of Aristotle’s works.
3. Parliamentary government and fusion of powers.
4. Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
5. Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations.
6. Pakistan’s 18th Constitutional Amendment.
7. Comparative Politics.
8. Historical, legal and philosophical approaches to Political Science.
9. Division of powers in a federal government.
10. Westminster Model.
11. Collective responsibility.
12. Social Contract Theory.
13. Imperialism.
14. Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddamah.
15. Edmund Burke and Conservatism.
16. Bentham’s principle of utility.
17. Ibn Khaldun and the transmission of culture.
18. Alternative theories to Utilitarianism.
19. The most powerful institution in parliamentary government.
20. Autonomy of local government.

Q.2. Explain Utilitarianism and discuss its application in contemporary times.

Q.3. Analyze Al-Ghazali’s theory regarding the origin of the State and explain its features.

Q.4. Explain Francis Fukuyama’s concept of the “End of History” and present arguments for or against it.

Q.5. Write detailed notes on any TWO:

(a) The Epicureans
(b) Concept of Asbiya
(c) Aristotle’s scheme of Government

SECTION-B

Q.6. Analyze the different levels of political culture and modes of political participation, considering their importance to political-system development.

Q.7. Differentiate between Confederation and Federation and explain the principles and prerequisites of an effective federation.

Q.8. Explain the thematic difference between Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism.

The 20 MCQs cover:

1. Flexibility of constitutions.
2. Separation of powers.
3. BRICS membership.
4. Objectives of the WTO.
5. Quaid-e-Azam’s constitutional and legal approach.
6. Allama Iqbal’s emphasis on Muslim political identity.
7. Definitions of public opinion.
8. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
9. Sources of International Law under Article 38 of the ICJ Statute.
10. UN body responsible for monitoring ICCPR implementation.
11. Germany’s Bundestag.
12. Proportional representation.
13. Maastricht Treaty and the European Union.
14. G-20 and economic cooperation.
15. Islamic influence on Iqbal’s political thought.
16. Government of India Act 1935.
17. Hindrances to sound public opinion.
18. Kronstadt Rebellion.
19. Gatekeepers in Easton’s political-system model.
20. European Commission as an EU executive authority.

Q.2. Analyze Brexit’s implications for European Union integration and its global influence.

Q.3. Compare the party systems of the USA and Germany and assess their effects on political stability and representation.

SECTION-B

Q.4. Examine the United Nations’ role in peace, security and development, including its successes and limitations.

Q.5. Analyze Pakistan’s national capacity with reference to economic, military and human-development indicators.

Q.6. Analyze the impact of the Cold War on international relations, particularly the emergence of superpowers and bloc politics.

Q.7. Discuss Pakistan’s foreign-policy goals, particularly its relations with India, China and the USA.

Q.8. Discuss how national interest shapes foreign policy, using Pakistan as a case study.

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