Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet.

(a) Which of the following are propositions? Choose True or False. (5)

(i) Write a letter:
(a) True (b) False

(ii) All roses are fragrant:
(a) True (b) False

(iii) Some politicians are competent:
(a) True (b) False

(iv) Such a lovely morning:
(a) True (b) False

(v) Either A is B or C
(a) True (b) False

(b) Choose the best option:
(vi) Corresponding to every inference is:
(a) A proposition (b) A premises (c) An argument (d) None of these

(vii) An argument can be:
(a) True (b) False (c) Valid (d) None of these

(viii) Logic is a:
(a) Social science (b) Normative science (c) Exact science (d) None of these

(ix) A and E proposition are:
(a) Contradictory (b) Contrary (c) Sub-contrary (d) None of these

(x) A categorical syllogism containing two negative premises is:
(a) Valid (b) Invalid (c) Sound (d) None of these

(xi) The symbolic from of the statement, ‘it is not the case that if Argentina moblizes then both Brazil
will protest to the UN and Chile will call for a meeting of all the Latin American states.’
(a) ~
A⊃ (B. C) (b) ~
(c) ~
A⊃ ~
(B. C) (d) None of these

(xii) Ambiguous statements are:
(a) having more than one meaning (b) having no meaning
(c) having wrong meaning (d) None of these

(xiii) Identify fallacy committed in, ‘Honda is the best car’, actress Reema.
(a) Argument from ignorance (b) Appeal to inappropriate authority
(c) Appeal to emotion (d) None of these

 

(xiv) Mr. X is the best politician of this country because his father was a very good politician. Commits
fallacy of:
(a) Circumstantial (b) Abusive (c) Complex question (d) None of these

(xv) All lawyers are liars, hence, some liars are lawyers:
(a) True (b) Valid (c) False (d) None of these

(xvi) Sub-contrary propositions can be true together but can not be false together:
(a) True (b) Valid (c) False (d) None of these

(xvii) Conclusion of an inductive argument is….
(a) True (b) Necessary (c) Probable (d) None of these

(xviii) “A proposition is true on the basis that it has not been proved false, or it is false because it has not
been proved true” commits fallacy of:
(a) Circumstantial (b) Inappropriate authority (c) Ignorance (d) None of these

(xix) In a Universal Affirmative categorical proposition (A), both subject and predicate terms are
distributed.
(a) True (b) False (c) None of these
(xx) Choose the name of the given argument
p > q
p
∴ q
(a) Modus Ponens (b) Modus Tollens (c) Hypothetical syllogism (d) None of these

 

 

Q.2. State and critically evaluate Aristotelian Traditional Square of Opposition.. (20)

Q.3. Discuss the role of definition in reducing ambiguity and vagueness in language. (20)

Q.4. Define emotive terms and discuss their role in fallacious reasoning. (20)

Q.5. Define and distinguish: (20)
(i) sentence and proposition,
(ii) deductive and inductive arguments, also cite examples.

Q.6. Define conjunctive, disjunctive and hypothetical statements, state their symbols, also determine their
truth values, citing examples. (20)

Q.7. Construct formal proof of validity for the given arguments: (20)
(i) A > B
A.B⊃ C / ∴A ⊃ C
(ii) Q ⊃ (R v S)
(T.U) ⊃ R
(R v S) > (T.U)/ ∴ Q > R

Q.8. State and explain hypothesis and criteria to evaluate hypothesis. (20)

 

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (20)

(i) Idols of the cave refer to:
(a) Verbal confusions (b) Philosophical systems of the past
(c) Individual prejudices (d) None of these

(ii) ‘Causality is subjective and a habit of our mind’, is the philosophy expounded by:
(a) Descartes (b) Hobbes (c) Hume (d) None of these

(iii) _______ rejects the theory of innate ideas and says that the human mind is like a tabula rasa at
birth:
(a) Hobbes (b) Locke (c) Descartes

(iv) Unity and justice are the basic principles of the beliefs of the __________ and this is the reason
why they call themselves “People of unity and Justice.”
(a) Orthodox (b) Mutazilites (c) Asharites

(v) Soren Kierkegaard was _________ Existentialist philosopher from Denmark:
(a) Atheistic (b) Religious

(vi) ___________, a German Philosopher, was deeply concerned with the problem of nihilism in the
European society.
(a) Martin Heidegger (b) J.P. Sartre (c) Friedrich Nietzsche

(vii) According to _________ “Nietzsche’s eternal recurrence is only a more rigid kind of mechanism,
based not on an ascertained fact but only on a working hypothesis of science.”
(a) Bergson (b) Heidegger (c) Allama Iqbal

(viii) _________ expounded the theory of monads in his book, “Monadology.”
(a) Berkeley (b) Spinoza (c) Leibniz

(ix) According to ___________, “To be is to be perceived.”
(a) Hobbes (b) Locke (c) Berkeley

(x) According to Spinoza, Humans achieve freedom through:
(a) Exercising their will (b) Clearly understanding the causal chain
(c) Rejection of the idea of God (d) None of these

(xi) The philosophy of ________ is a synthesis of empiricism and rationalism:
(a) Hume (b) Berkeley (c) Kant (d) None of these

(xii) ‘The Real is rational, and the rational is real’, is a basic tenet of the philosophy of:
(a) Spinoza (b) Hegel (c) Berkeley (d) None of these

 

(xiii) ________ is known as the founder of pragmatism.
(a) William James (b) Henri Bergson (c) Martin Heidegger (d) None of these

(xiv) The ethical theory propounded by _______ is known as Prescriptivism.
(a) Moore (b) Hare (c) Stevenson (d) None of these

(xv) Logical atoms in philosophy of Wittgenstein are _________________.
(a) Real (b) Abstract (c) Concrete (d) None of these

(xvi) The principle of movement in Islam according to Iqbal is Ijtehad.
(a) True (b) False

(xvii) In stages of life, the aesthetic stage is the highest, according to Kierkegaard.
(a) True (b) False

(xviii) Spinoza’s ethical theory is based upon altruism.
(a) True (b) False

(xix) Kant affirmed traditional theological proofs for the existence of God.
(a) True (b) False

(xx) To define good in terms of a natural object is not a naturalistic fallacy

(a) True (b) False

 

Q.2. Define and distinguish subjective and objective idealism, with special reference to Berkeley and
Hegel. (20)

Q.3. Discuss Pragmatic theory of truth, pragmatism is philosophy of capitalism, comment. (20)

Q.4. Critically evaluate A.J. Ayer’s ‘Principle of Verifiability’ and its impact on ethics. (20)

Q.5. Discuss in detail the sources and component parts of Marxism. (20)

Q.6. State and explain Ibn-i-Khaldun’s concept of ‘asabia’, keeping in view the contemporary debate on the clash of civilizations. (20)

Q.7. Critically discuss religious fundamentalism, revivalism and reformism. (20)

Q.8. Sayyid Ahmad Khan and Iqbal were against fatalism and tried to promote this worldly attitude
amongst Muslims, comment.