Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20x1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

1. Which of the following is the best definition of validity?
(a) An argument is valid if its premises are true (b) An argument is valid if its conclusion is true
(c) An argument is valid if its premises are true and its conclusion is true
(d) An argument is true if and only if the truth of the premises guarantee the truth of the conclusion
(e) None of these

2. Which of the following preposition is a tautology?
(a) (p v q) q (b) pv (q p) (c) p v (p q) (d) p (p q)
(e) None of these

3. Which of the following is true of subcontrary claims?
(a) They can both be false but they cannot both be true
(b) They can both be true and false (c) They can always have opposite truth values
(d) They can both be true but they cannot both be false (e) None of these

4. Which of the following conclusions can logically be influenced from the following premises? No shoes
but joggers are sold in this store. The shoes sold here can be expensive.
(a) Only expensive shoes are sold in this store (b) All expensive shoes are joggers
(c) All joggers are sold in this store (d) Some joggers are expensive (e) None of these

5. An argument comprises of:
(a) At least a premise (b) At least a conclusion (c) At least two premises and a conclusion
(d) At least one premise and one conclusion (e) None of these

6. A deductive argument whose true premises do not necessarily prove its conclusion is considered to be:
(a) Weak (b) Lead (c) Invalid (d) None of these

7. Which fallacy is involved in the argument “Either join a political party or resign yourself to a lonely
life”.
(a) False Dilemma (b) Begging the question (c) Genetic fallacy (d) Ad hominem
(e) None of these

8. Which of the following claims are called negative?
(a) I and E (b) E and O (c) O and A (d) A and I (e) None of these

9. What does the symbol V stands for?
(a) Conjunction (b) Disjunction (c) Implication (d) Equivalence (e) None of these

10. Which Muslim logicians held Greek logic responsible for heretical metaphysical conclusions?
(a) Al-Ghazali (b) Al-Farabi (c) Ibn Sina (d) Ibn Taimya (e) None of these

11. Al-Ghazali is the author of:
(a) Tahafat al-Falasafah (b) Radd al-Mantaqeen (c) Tahaft Al-Tahafat (d) None of these

12. In logic of what kind do we argue from the whole to the part?
(a) Induction (b) Deduction (c) Formal (d) None of these

13. Symbolic logic was introduced by:
(a) Aristotle (b) Francis Bacon (c) Geoge Boole (d) None of these

 

14. Give the conclusion from the following:
Some doctors are fools.
Some fools are sick.
(a) Some doctors are sick (b) Some sick are doctors (c) Both (a) and (b) follows
(d) Neither (a) nor (b) follows

15. What conclusion follows from the statements:
All fish are tortoise. No tortoise is a crocodile.
(a) No crocodile is a fish (b) No fish is a crocodile (c) Both (a) and (b) follows
(d) Neither of these follow

16. Identify the status of the conclusion in the following argument?
Tanya is older than Eric
Cliff is older than Tanya
Eric is older than Cliff
(a) True (b) False (c) Uncertain (d) None of these

17. In symbolic logic the symbol stands for:
(a) Implications (b) Equivalence (c) Negation (d) None of these

18. What is the name of the coupling device that binds the subject and predicate of a preposition in
traditional logic?
(a) Copula (b) Conjunction (c) Relation (d) None of these

19. A syllogism can be tested through diagram technique.
(a) Bool (b) Venn (c) Traditional (d) None of these

20. argument has probable conclusion.
(a) Deductive (b) Inductive (c) Fallacious (d) None of these

 

Q.No.2. Distinguish between inductive reasoning and deductive reasoning. Why induction is considered crucial for scientific inquiry? (20)

Q.No.3. How emotive use of language impedes clear thinking? Illustrate with examples. (20)

Q.No.4. What are logical fallacies? Distinguish between formal and material fallacies. (20)

Q.No.5. Briefly explain the rules of replacement. (20)

Q.No.6. How does probability relate to inductive logic? Are they identical? Discuss and substantiate your views. (20)

Q.No.7. Muslim logicians both criticized and developed Aristotellian logic. Briefly discuss with reference to Al-Farabi, Ibe-Sina and Al-Ghazali. (20)

Q.No.8. Write notes on any TWO of the following:
(a) Relativity of definitions
(b) Value of special symbols
(c) Scientific explanations

PHILOSOPHY, PAPER-II

Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20x1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

1. Plato was a:
(a) Pragmatist (b) Materialist (c) Idealist Rationalist (d) None of these

2. “Laws” is written by:
(a) John Rawls (b) Jeremy Bentham (c) Plato (d) None of these

3. “Being and Nothingness” is written by:
(a) Kant (b) Karl Popper (c) Jean Paul Sartre (d) None of these

4. “Tahafatul Philopha” is written to refute:
(a) The Politicians (b) The Lawyers (c) The Philosophers (d) None of these

5. _________is the turning point in philosophy at the dawn of the 20th century.
(a) Logical positivism (b) Science (c) Naturalism (d) None of these

6. Who is the author of the “Muqaddama”?
(a) Al-Ghazali (b) Ibn-e-Khaldun (c) Al-Kindi (d) None of these

7. The father of Modern Philosophy is:
(a) Descartes (b) Thales (c) Al-Kindi (d) None of these

8. Epistemology is a branch of Philosophy which deals with:
(a) Morality (b) Law (c) Knowledge (d) None of these

9. Theory of monads is presented by:
(a) Kant (b) Leibniz (c) Plato (d) None of these

10. Dialectic method is of:
(a) Plato (b) Socrates (c) Kant (d) None of these

11. Who is the author of the “Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam”?
(a) Sir Syed Ahmad Khan (b) Allama Iqbal (c) Al-Farabi (d) None of these

12. Shah Waliullah’s famous work is:
(a) Hujjatul Balagha (b) Tafseer (c) Tahafatul Tahafha (d) None of these

13. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan looked upon God as the Author of:
(a) Harmony (b) Nature (c) Nature & first cause (d) None of these

14. This statement ‘God is Nature and Nature is God’ is referred to:
(a) Hegel (b) Spinoza (c) Aristotle (d) None of these

 

15. Who named human mind Tabula Rasa?
(a) Spinoza (b) Locke (c) Descartes (d) None of these

16. Whose statement is this ‘know they self’?
(a) Plato (b) Socrates (c) Kant (d) None of these

17. ____________believed in the concept of Whadatul Wajud.
(a) Ibn-e-Taimya (b) Ibn-e-Sina (c) Ibn-e-Arabi (d) None of these

18. Dialectical Materialism is referred to:
(a) Karl Marx (b) Hegel (c) Descartes (d) None of these

19. Who said that substances are three?
(a) Spinoza (b) Descartes (c) Berkely (d) None of these

20. Renowed Book “A History of Muslim Philosophy” was edited by:
(a) Shah Waliullah (b) Abul Ala Maududi (c) M.M. Sharif (d) None of these

 

 

Q.2. Critically evaluate Logical Positivist’s thesis on the rejection of metaphysics. (20)

Q.3. What is Iqbal’s concept of Ijithad? (20)

Q.4. Compare and contrast the views of Mutazillites and Asharites on “Reason and Revelation”. (20)

Q.5. (a) Write a comprehensive note on Freedom of will.
(b) Write a note on Asharites Atomism.

Q.6. Discuss Al-Ghazali’s position he takes against Philosophy and Philosophers. (20)

Q.7. State and examine the main features of Dialectical Materialism as enunciated by Hegel. (20)

 

Q.8. What are ‘Forms’ in Plato’s Philosophy? Why he needed ‘Forms’? (20)

Q.9. Discuss in detail Sir Syed Ahmad Khan’s doctrine of nature. (20)