PART – I (MCQ)

(COMPULSORY)

 

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (20)

 

(i) In psychology, case studies are used to:

(a) Draw conclusions about individual behavior on the basis of group finding
(b) Draw general conclusions about behavior of the client
(c) Assess heritability of individual
(d) Show importance of case study
(e) None of these

(ii) Psychology is concerned with the study of:

(a) How groups exchange resources
(b) Overt behavior only
(c) Mind and behavior
(d) How aggregate behavior is specified
(e) None of these

(iii) An independent variable is:

(a) The only variable of interest
(b) A variable that is independently verified
(c) A variable whose value depends on dependent variable
(d) The variable that is manipulated by experimenter
(e) None of these

(iv) Introspection is:

(a) A scientific method used to study dreams
(b) A psychotherapeutic technique where the patient gives a running account of Internal dialogues
(c) A process used to uncover symbolic representations in dream
(d) The analysis of the contents of our own thoughts
(e) None of these

(v) The law of effect states that:

(a) Close temporal contiguity is the key characteristic in forming an association between stimulus and response
(b) A response will be strengthened if the organism is rewarded for that response
(c) Effect is strong if the effect is long lasting
(d) Response generalize across similar surroundings
(e) None of these

(vi) Structuralism and functionalism are similar in that both:

(a) Emphasize the analysis of mental structures to explain behavior
(b) Emphasize the fluid, personal nature of consciousness
(c) Regard psychology as the science of conscious experience
(d) Emphasize the observation of behavior rather than consciousness
(e) None of these

(vii) The school of psychology that argues that nearly all behavior is a result of conditioning and that the environment shapes behavior is labeled:

(a) Gestalt, Wertheimer
(b) Psychoanalytic, Freud
(c) Behaviorism, Tichener
(d) Behaviorism, Watson
(e) None of these

(viii) Chemicals which are produced in the brain and facilitate communication between nerve cells are called:

(a) Neurotransmitters
(b) Plasmas
(c) Syntactic structures
(d) Adrenocorticoids
(e) None of these

(ix) Psychologists, who typically apply psychological principles to diagnose and treat emotional problems, including mental illness and marital and family conflict, are in the subfield called:

(a) Biological
(b) Clinical and counseling
(c) Social and personality
(d) School and educational
(e) None of these

(x) The first step in any research project is generating a:

(a) Theory
(b) Experiment
(c) Hypothesis
(d) Proposition
(e) None of these

(xi) The discipline that deals with sampling data from a population and then drawing inferences about the population from the sample is:

(a) Hypothesis testing
(b) Statistics
(c) Multivariate experimentation
(d) Independent sampling
(e) None of these

(xii) When two variables are correlated, variation in one?

(a) May possibly cause variation in the other
(b) Can only be inferred with social validation
(c) Can be the cause of variation in the other only if the correlation is positive
(d) Always suggests a casual relationship with the other
(e) None of these

(xiii) In the early stages of research, the most efficient way of making progress toward explaining a phenomenon is to:

(a) Videotape
(b) Precisely measure
(c) Survey
(d) Observe
(e) None of these

(xiv) A scholarly summary of a body of research on some topic is called:

(a) Case history
(b) Literature review
(c) Meta-analysis
(d) Theory
(e) None of these

(xv) The principle governing the ethical treatment of human participants in research essentially states that the hazards anticipated in the research project should be not greater than those encountered in daily activities:

(a) Informed consent
(b) Right to privacy
(c) Minimal risk
(d) Informed participants
(e) None of these

(xvi) S_R psychology is an approach associated with the perspective:

(a) Behavioral
(b) Psychoanalytic
(c) Cognitive
(d) Subjectivist
(e) None of these

(xvii) Psychologists, who are interested in the perception of motion, part – whole relationships and in how people judge size were identified with what school of psychology?

(a) Psychoanalytic
(b) Gestalt
(c) Behavioral
(d) Structural
(e) None of these

(xviii) The center of Freud’s theory is the thoughts, attitudes, impulses, wished and motivations of which we are unaware:

(a) Conditioning Concept
(b) Unconsciousness
(c) Biological motivation proposition
(d) Multivariate construct
(e) None of these

(xix) Relating overt behavior to electrical and chemical events taking place inside the body is characteristic of which contemporary psychological perspective?

(a) Behavioral
(b) Subjectivist
(c) Biological
(d) Cognitive
(e) None of these

(xx) The subjectivist perspective in psychology:

(a) Is most like cognitive one
(b) Is generally not influenced by cultural and emotional variables
(c) Has been most pervasive
(d) All of the above
(e) None of the above

 

PART – II

 

NOTE:

(i) PART-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. All questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.

 

Q.2. Define Psychology and describe in brief about the various schools of psychology. (20)

 

Q.3. Describe the development of Nervous System with special emphasis on the central nervous system. (20)

 

Q.4. Introduce the various theories of Learning and Explain the concepts of Classical Conditioning. (20)

 

Q.5. Describe the nature of Emotion in reflection to different approaches for understanding Emotions. (20)

 

Q.6. List the various theories of personality and write about the best one in detail. (20)

 

Q.7. Write down the components that comprise attitudes, specially in reflection to the cognitive and affective reactions to Social Events. (20)

 

Q.8. Write short notes on ANY FOUR of the following: (5+5+5+5)

(i) Trends in Psychology
(ii) Peripheral Nervous System
(iii) Brain
(iv) Transfer and interference
(v) Maslow, Theory of Motivation
(vi) Emotions and Characteristics
(vii) Frustration and conflict
(viii) Defense Mechanism

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FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2009

PSYCHOLOGY, PAPER-II

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (20)

 

(i) A child is creating new schemata to account for new information, Piaget calls this process:

(a) Assimilation
(b) Accommodation
(c) Operations
(d) Function autonomy
(e) None of these

(ii) Children begin to understand and use abstractions during which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development?

(a) Oral stages
(b) Preoperational stage
(c) Stage of formal operations
(d) Secondary stage
(e) None of these

(iii) Which theoretical viewpoint emphasizes the importance of learning for understanding development?

(a) Freudian theory
(b) Information processing theory
(c) Ecological theory
(d) Behavioral theory
(e) None of these

(iv) Behavior is governed by its consequences, describe:

(a) Operant conditioning
(b) Psychological crisis
(c) Supply demand theory
(d) The Yerkes Dodson law
(e) None of these

(v) Which of the following statements is incorrect?

(a) Genetic influence affects children more than adults
(b) Even if genetic factors underlie a particular behavior, it is subjected to change
(c) Traits such as extroversion and introversion are influenced by genes
(d) Intelligence has a genetic basis
(e) None of these

(vi) If characteristic requires only one gene to show it self the characteristics is considered:

(a) Dominant
(b) Co-dominant
(c) Incompletely dominant
(d) Recessive
(e) None of these

(vii) A genetic disorder in which the production of mucus affects the respiratory system is?

(a) Huntington’s disease
(b) Down syndrome
(c) Cystic fibrosis
(d) Sickle cell anemia
(e) None of these

(viii) Aptitudes are:

(a) Preferences to perform certain activities
(b) High levels of achievement in an area of endeavor
(c) The abilities of individual to learn in specific areas of endeavor
(d) Skills one brings to a given task
(e) None of these

(ix) In psychological research, a ________ is defined as an entity that can occur with different values:

(a) Hypothesis
(b) Measurement system
(c) Variable
(d) Experimental group
(e) None of these

(x) The ability to exercise precise control over a variable is what distinguishes the _________ method from other methods of scientific observation?

(a) Control group identification
(b) Randomized selection
(c) Hypothesis testing
(d) Experimental
(e) None of these

(xi) Consideration of participants in psychological research as _________ in the research enterprise is a central principle of ethical research today:

(a) Informed participants
(b) Full partners
(c) Willing participants
(d) Co-investigators
(e) None of these

(xii) Maturation refers to:

(a) The attainment of successive stages of cognitive development
(b) Relatively stable changes in an individual’s thought or behavior as a result of a biological process of aging
(c) Relatively stable changes in an individual’s thought or behavior as a result of accumulating experience
(d) The development of an individual’s thought and behavior due to interactions of biological and environmental factors
(e) None of these

(xiii) Learning refers to:

(a) The attainment of successive stages of cognitive development
(b) Changes in an individual’s thought or behavior as a result of biological processes of aging
(c) Changes in an individual’s thought and behavior as a result of accumulating experience
(d) The development of an individual’s thought and behavior due to interactions of biological and environmental factors
(e) None of these

(xiv) Psychodynamic determinism refers to:

(a) Behavior that is ruled by forces over which we have no control
(b) Behavior that is preconscious in origin
(c) Id impulses that will forever remain unfulfilled
(d) The delimiting characteristic of superego
(e) None of these

(xv) According to Freudian dream terminology, condensation refers to:

(a) Repressed urges that find disguised outlets for expression
(b) The bizarre, irrational quality of dream
(c) The process whereby unacceptable thoughts or impulses are combined into a single dream image
(d) Process whereby one thing may stand for another in dream Interpretation
(e) None of these

(xvi) According to one definition, behavior is abnormal if it is:

(a) Labeled as abnormal, by the society in which the individual lives
(b) Not under conscious control by individual statistically typical
(c) Statistically typical
(d) Adaptive to the individual
(e) None of these

(xvii) Axis III in DSM-IV addresses:

(a) The major abnormal disorders
(b) Primary personality disorders
(c) Physical disorder
(d) The severity of psychological symptoms
(e) None of these

(xviii) An individual who is identified as having a borderline personality disorder shows:

(a) Persecutory thoughts
(b) Exhibitionistic tendencies
(c) Instability in mood and social relations
(d) Apathy and indifference to opinions of others
(e) None of these

(xix) The clinical interview typically includes:

(a) A follow up evaluation and assessment after therapy is terminated
(b) The initial diagnosis of a client’s psychological functioning
(c) The psycho physiological assessment
(d) The client’s initial and final evaluation
(e) None of these

(xx) Two explicitly directive psychotherapeutic approaches are:

(a) Behavior therapy & psychodynamic therapy
(b) Behavior therapy & humanistic therapy
(c) Humanistic therapy & existential therapy
(d) Cognitive therapy & behavior therapy
(e) None of these

 

PART – II

 

NOTE:

(i) PART-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. All questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.

 

Q.2. Define Growth, development and maturation and explain the role of biological and socio-cultural factors in the process of development. (20)

 

Q.3. Differentiate between ANY TWO of the following Development Area: (10+10)

(i) Physical Development – Social Development
(ii) Sensory Development – Intellectual Development
(iii) Perceptual Development – Emotional Development
(iv) Personality Development – Fine Motor Development

 

Q.4. List the different types of Assessment Procedures/Tools used for clinical diagnosis and explain the significance of clinical judgment in the process of Assessment. (20)

 

Q.5. List various therapies used in Psychological Treatment and write about any two in detail. (20)

 

Q.6. Define intelligence in reference to factors of intelligence and write how intelligence test can be used for identification of disability in general and mental retardation in specific? (20)

 

Q.7. Describe the role of biological and sociological factors in development of maladjustment and criminal behavior and explain the treatment strategies. (20)

 

Q.8. Define ANY FIVE of the following: (4 Each)

(i) Infancy
(ii) Genetics
(iii) Chromosomal abnormality
(iv) Motor development
(v) Emotional patterns
(vi) Mental Retardation
(vii) Character Disorder
(viii) Jevenile Delinquency
(ix) Group dynamics

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