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CSS International Relations Past Papers 2001 to 2005 provide a comprehensive collection of previous examination papers for aspirants preparing for the Central Superior Services examination. International Relations remains one of the most popular optional subjects because it connects global politics, diplomacy, security, international organizations, and foreign policy with contemporary developments.

Firstly, past papers help candidates understand the FPSC examination pattern. Moreover, they highlight frequently tested areas and recurring themes. Therefore, students can organize their preparation according to actual examination trends instead of studying every topic with equal intensity.

Past papers offer much more than a collection of old questions. Secondly, they reveal how examiners frame analytical questions. Furthermore, candidates can identify changes in question patterns over different years. For example, recent papers often connect theoretical concepts with current geopolitical developments.

Similarly, students can examine recurring topics such as realism, liberalism, balance of power, international security, globalization, foreign policy, the United Nations, regional organizations, and major-power politics. Consequently, aspirants can focus their reading on high-priority areas.

However, candidates should not rely only on repeated questions. Instead, they should use past papers to develop conceptual clarity and analytical skills. In addition, regular practice improves time management and answer structure.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

NOTE: Attempt FIVE questions in all, including Question No. 8, which is compulsory. All questions carry equal marks.

Q.1. Define International Relations. Discuss its scope and the importance of the study of International Relations.

Q.2. Define Imperialism and discuss the Economic Theories of Imperialism.

Q.3. Do you agree that in contemporary International Relations, International Economic and Trade linkages are being used as pressure tactics in inter-State Relations?

Q.4. Define the Non-Aligned Movement? Make an appraisal of its role and discuss the future of NAM.

Q.5. Define the Politics of Nuclear Proliferation. How far have the superpowers been responsible for the proliferation of Nuclear weapons.

Q.6. Write notes on TWO of the following:

(a) De-colonization

(b) Crisis Management

(c) Euro Communism

(d) Pak-China relations in the 1990s.

Q.7. Define the present "Russian Doctrine" and discuss its impact on Pakistan and India.

COMPULSORY QUESTION

Q.8. Write only the correct answer in the Answer Book. Don’t reproduce the questions.

(1) Yalta Conference was held in:

(a) 1944
(b) 1945
(c) 1946
(d) None of these.

(2) The Cuban Missile Crisis occurred in:

(a) 1960
(b) 1961
(c) 1962
(d) one of these.

(3) NATO was formed in:

(a) 1948
(b) 1949
(c) 1950
(d) None of these.

(4) SEATO was formed in:

(a) 1953
(b) 1954
(c) 1955
(d) None of these.

(5) NAM was formed in:

(a) 1955
(b) 1961
(c) 1962
(d) None of these.

(6) INF Treaty was signed in:

(a) 1985
(b) 1986
(c) 1987
(d) None of these.

(7) U Thant was:

(a) The Prime Minister of Laos
(b) President of Taiwan
(c) Secretary General of the United Nations.
(d) None of these.

(8) Saile Brakat is:

(a) An Israeli Statesman
(b) A leader of East Timor
(c) Chief Palestinian negotiator
(d) None of these.

(9) Pamela Parker is:

(a) A British Actress
(b) An American Senator
(c) Girlfriend of crown Prince Charles
(d) None of these.

(10) Abdul Kalam is:

(a) A Literary Figure
(b) An Indian Nuclear Scientist
(c) A Kashmiri Mujahideen leader
(d) None of these.

(11) Trygve Lie was:

(a) An Actor of Marshal Art
(b) Administrator of Hong Kong
(c) Secretary General of the United Nations.
(d) None of these.

(12) Fidel Castro became Cuban Prime Minister in:

(a) February, 1959
(b) February, 1960
(c) May, 1961
(d) None of these.

(13) OIC was formed in:

(a) Jeddah
(b) Rabat
(c) Cairo
(d) None of these.

(14) Politics Among Nations was written by:

(a) James Rosenau
(b) Hans Morgenthau
(c) K.J Holsti
(d) None of these.

(15) The Congress of Vienna took place in:

(a) 1648
(b) 1815
(c) 1899
(d) None of these.

(16) Afghan Mujahideen took power in Kabul on:

(a) April 20, 1991
(b) April 28, 1992
(c) 1st March, 1993
(d) None of these.

(17) Alma Atta is the Capital of:

(a) Tajikistan
(b) Terkmenistan
(b) Kazakistan
(d) None of these.

(18) Nosterdamus was:

(a) An Italian
(b) A French
(c) A German
(d) None of these.

(19) Americans are going to elect:

(a) 43rd President of USA
(b) 44th President of USA
(c) 45th President of USA
(d) None of these.

(20) The Soviet Union disintegrated on:

(a) 5th December, 1991
(b) 28th May, 1992
(c) 28th December, 1993
(d) None of these.

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GOVERNANCE & PUBLIC POLICIES

PART-II

Q. No. 2.

(a) Define Public Policy and state its significance.
(b) Discuss the Role of the Planning Commission in policy and Planning.

Q. No. 3. Do you support the representation of public opinion information diffusion in the policy making process? Support your answer with valid justification in the context of policy advocacy. (20)

Q. No. 4. Draw a clear demarcation between Policy Analysis and Policy Advocacy. (20)

Q. No. 5. Discuss Policy Formation and Implementation Issues in Pakistan. (20)

Q. No. 6. Define Global Governance. Discuss its significance and explain the emergent need of growing interdependence between international states in global context. (20)

Q. No. 7. Explain following categories of public policies. (10 each)

(a) Substantive and Procedural Policies
(b) Distributive, Regulatory, Self Regulatory and Redistributive policies. 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following: (10 each)

(a) Role of Active Citizens in Community Engagement and Governance.
(b) The stigma of corruption and the decline of good governance in Pakistan.

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POLITICAL SCIENCE

PAPER-I

Time Allowed: Three Hours
Part-I (MCQs): Maximum 30 Minutes
Part-I: 20 Marks
Part-II: 80 Marks

PART-I — MCQs

The 20 MCQs cover topics including:

1. Modern Political Realism.
2. Al-Farabi and preservation of Aristotle’s works.
3. Parliamentary government and fusion of powers.
4. Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
5. Samuel Huntington’s Clash of Civilizations.
6. Pakistan’s 18th Constitutional Amendment.
7. Comparative Politics.
8. Historical, legal and philosophical approaches to Political Science.
9. Division of powers in a federal government.
10. Westminster Model.
11. Collective responsibility.
12. Social Contract Theory.
13. Imperialism.
14. Ibn Khaldun’s Muqaddamah.
15. Edmund Burke and Conservatism.
16. Bentham’s principle of utility.
17. Ibn Khaldun and the transmission of culture.
18. Alternative theories to Utilitarianism.
19. The most powerful institution in parliamentary government.
20. Autonomy of local government.

Q.2. Explain Utilitarianism and discuss its application in contemporary times.

Q.3. Analyze Al-Ghazali’s theory regarding the origin of the State and explain its features.

Q.4. Explain Francis Fukuyama’s concept of the “End of History” and present arguments for or against it.

Q.5. Write detailed notes on any TWO:

(a) The Epicureans
(b) Concept of Asbiya
(c) Aristotle’s scheme of Government

SECTION-B

Q.6. Analyze the different levels of political culture and modes of political participation, considering their importance to political-system development.

Q.7. Differentiate between Confederation and Federation and explain the principles and prerequisites of an effective federation.

Q.8. Explain the thematic difference between Authoritarianism and Totalitarianism.

The 20 MCQs cover:

1. Flexibility of constitutions.
2. Separation of powers.
3. BRICS membership.
4. Objectives of the WTO.
5. Quaid-e-Azam’s constitutional and legal approach.
6. Allama Iqbal’s emphasis on Muslim political identity.
7. Definitions of public opinion.
8. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
9. Sources of International Law under Article 38 of the ICJ Statute.
10. UN body responsible for monitoring ICCPR implementation.
11. Germany’s Bundestag.
12. Proportional representation.
13. Maastricht Treaty and the European Union.
14. G-20 and economic cooperation.
15. Islamic influence on Iqbal’s political thought.
16. Government of India Act 1935.
17. Hindrances to sound public opinion.
18. Kronstadt Rebellion.
19. Gatekeepers in Easton’s political-system model.
20. European Commission as an EU executive authority.

Q.2. Analyze Brexit’s implications for European Union integration and its global influence.

Q.3. Compare the party systems of the USA and Germany and assess their effects on political stability and representation.

SECTION-B

Q.4. Examine the United Nations’ role in peace, security and development, including its successes and limitations.

Q.5. Analyze Pakistan’s national capacity with reference to economic, military and human-development indicators.

Q.6. Analyze the impact of the Cold War on international relations, particularly the emergence of superpowers and bloc politics.

Q.7. Discuss Pakistan’s foreign-policy goals, particularly its relations with India, China and the USA.

Q.8. Discuss how national interest shapes foreign policy, using Pakistan as a case study.

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TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS

PART-I (MCQs): MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES

PART-I (MCQs) MAXIMUM MARKS: 20

PART-II MAXIMUM MARKS: 80

NOTE:

(i) First attempt PART-I (MCQs) on separate OMR Answer Sheet which shall be taken back after 30 minutes.

(ii) Overwriting/cutting of the options/answers will not be given credit.

(iii) There is no negative marking. All MCQs must be attempted.

PART-I (MCQs) — COMPULSORY

Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

1.

Which Muslim scholar gave the cyclical theory of ‘Rise and Fall of Sovereign Power’ (state)?

(A) Ibn-e-Khaldun
(B) Shah Waliullah
(C) Ibn-e-Taymiyyah
(D) None of these

2.

According to _____ Muslim thinker, state is a moral institution to attain good for ‘Millah’ (nation/people).

(A) Al-Mawardi
(B) Nizam-ul-Mulk Tusi
(C) Jamal-ud-din Afghani
(D) None of these

3.

______ collected all the ordinances relating to public law and arranged them in one volume.

(A) Al-Farabi
(B) Imam Ghazali
(C) Al-Mawardi
(D) None of these

4.

The book ‘The Open Society and its Enemies’ is written by:

(A) Karl Popper
(B) Kierkegaard
(C) John Rawls
(D) None of these

5.

_______ believes in the use of violence in armed insurrections as a means to capture state power.

(A) Karl Marx
(B) Mao Zedong
(C) Immanuel Kant
(D) None of these

6.

_____ argues that Liberal Democracy is the final form of government for all nations.

(A) J. J. Rousseau
(B) Foucault
(C) Francis Fukuyama
(D) None of these

7.

‘Theory of Hegemony’ is propounded by:

(A) Montesquieu
(B) Derrida
(C) Jean Paul Sartre
(D) None of these

8.

_____ believes in rigid type of equality and aimed at the collective ownership of all means of production.

(A) Capitalism
(B) Socialism
(C) Marxism
(D) None of These

9.

Which one of these is not a social contract theorist?

(A) Thomas Hobbes
(B) J. Locke
(C) J. J. Rousseau
(D) None of these

10.

According to Iqbal, the concept of ‘Ummah’ is based on:

(A) Asabiyyah
(B) Individuality
(C) Khudi
(D) None of these

11.

Who gave the concept of ‘Political Sovereignty’?

(A) Jean Bodin
(B) J. J. Rousseau
(C) Montesquieu
(D) None of these

12.

The term ‘Law’ is derived from the German word:

(A) Logos
(B) Lag
(C) League
(D) None of these

13.

Change in the government is an important feature of a democratic system which is made possible through holding of:

(A) Coup d'état
(B) Anomic Political Movement
(C) Fresh Elections
(D) None of these

14.

Which one of these is not the principle of Islamic state?

(A) Sovereignty of God
(B) Justice
(C) Both (A) & (B)
(D) None of these

15.

Constitutional law is considered:

(A) Subordinate law of the land
(B) Supreme law of the land
(C) Municipal law
(D) None of these

16.

Public administration is the study of the:

(A) Government affairs
(B) Social movements
(C) Both (A) & (B)
(D) None of these

17.

Public Policy is generally consisting of the set of _________ adopted by a government.

(A) Actions
(B) Regimes
(C) Networks
(D) None of these

18.

In parliamentary democracy, president is a/an _________ sovereign.

(A) Actual
(B) Titular
(C) de-facto
(D) None of these

19.

Utilitarian thinkers believed in:

(A) expanding sphere of state action
(B) limiting sphere of state action
(C) Totalitarianism
(D) None of these

20.

Seperation of power is the salient feature of ________ system.

(A) Parliamentary
(B) Presidential
(C) Unitary
(D) None of these

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II, by selecting TWO questions from EACH SECTION. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.

(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q.Paper.

(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.

(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

SECTION-A

Q. No. 2.

Write a comparative analysis on Aristotle’s and Plato’s concept of ‘Ideal City-State’.

(20)

Q. No. 3.

Discuss Rousseau’s Theory of Social Contract. Do you agree with his rationale?

(20)

Q. No. 4.

Elaborate the concept of state and government by Ibn-e-Khaldun.

(20)

Q. No. 5.

What is the difference between the Hegel’s and Marx’s dialectical approach? Which one appeals you, describe with logical arguments.

(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 6.

Capitalism and Democracy are the two faces of same coin. Elaborate with appropriate arguments.

(20)

Q. No. 7.

Political parties are main engines of social change and political recruitment. Comment.

(20)

Q. No. 8.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Women Empowerment

(b) Human Rights

(20)

PART-I (MCQs) — COMPULSORY

Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

1.

In France, system of government is:

(A) Presidential
(B) Parliamentary
(C) Mixed
(D) None of these

2.

The Bill of Rights in the US Constitution primarily aims to:

(A) Strengthen Federal Power
(B) Protect Individual Liberties
(C) Define State Responsibilities
(D) None of these

3.

What is the highest source of Legal Authority in the UK?

(A) The Prime Minister
(B) The Constitution
(C) Parliament
(D) None of these

4.

The French President is elected by:

(A) Lower House
(B) Popular Vote
(C) Upper House
(D) None of these

5.

What is the name of Germany’s Constitution?

(A) The Grundgesetz
(B) The Federal Charter
(C) The German Compact
(D) None of these

6.

The British Indian Association was formed by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in:

(A) 1862
(B) 1864
(C) 1866
(D) None of these

7.

ECO was formed in:

(A) 1965
(B) 1985
(C) 1975
(D) None of these

8.

Which principle underpins China’s political system as per its Constitution?

(A) Rule of Law
(B) Democratic Centralism
(C) Separation of Power
(D) None of these

9.

The Turkish political system transitioned from Parliamentary to Presidential under which constitutional amendment?

(A) 2010
(B) 2016
(C) 2017
(D) None of these

10.

Parliament of Iran is a:

(A) Uni-Cameral
(B) Bi-Cameral
(C) Tri-Cameral
(D) None of these

11.

Which of the following is the primary goal of the European Union?

(A) Cultural Integration
(B) Political Neutrality
(C) Economic and Political Integration
(D) None of these

12.

The SAARC was established to:

(A) Promote Defense Cooperation in South Asia
(B) Foster Regional Economic Cooperation
(C) Develop Cultural Ties with Europe
(D) None of these

13.

The Constitution of 1956 was unique as:

(A) It declared Pakistan a republic with a federal structure
(B) It provided for a bicameral legislature for the first time
(C) It granted special power to the Judiciary
(D) None of these

14.

The number of US Presidents removed from office:

(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 1
(D) None of these

15.

Which country was appointed the first chairman of the Decolonization Committee of the United Nations?

(A) Japan
(B) India
(C) Sweden
(D) None of these

16.

The National Security Council in Pakistan consists of ___________ members.

(A) 8
(B) 10
(C) 12
(D) None of these

17.

Common Law is related to:

(A) Civil Liberties
(B) Franchise
(C) Law of the Land
(D) None of these

18.

For how many months, Presidential ordinance is enforced in Pakistan?

(A) 6
(B) 4
(C) 8
(D) None of these

19.

The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals primarily with:

(A) Conflict resolution between nations
(B) Regulation of international trade
(C) Protection of global environment
(D) None of these

20.

The Maastricht Treaty led to the creation of:

(A) European Union
(B) SAARC
(C) United Nation
(D) None of these

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from SECTION-A and THREE questions from SECTION-B. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.

(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q.Paper.

(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.

(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

SECTION-A

Q. No. 2.

Why has SAARC been unable to replicate the success of the European Union despite geographical proximity and cultural ties among member states?

(20)

Q. No. 3.

France’s semi-presidential system combines features of both parliamentary and presidential systems. Assess its effectiveness in ensuring political stability and avoiding authoritarianism.

(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 4.

Compare the leadership structures of Iran and Turkey and their impact on policy formulation.

(20)

Q. No. 5.

Federalism has been a continuing cause of political tension in our country. Will the 18th amendment made in the constitution solve this issue once for all? Take a position and support with your arguments.

(20)

Q. No. 6.

How does public opinion shape the foreign policy-making process in Pakistan? What role does the press play in influencing these decisions?

(20)

Q. No. 7.

Compare the political and constitutional crises faced by Pakistan between 1947-1956 and the post-2008 era. How do they reflect structural weaknesses in governance?

(20)

Q. No. 8.

What are the limitations of International Financial regimes like the IMF and WTO in addressing economic inequalities in developing countries? How do these institutions face challenges in overcoming these disparities?

(20)

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POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-II

TIME ALLOWED: THREE HOURS

PART-I (MCQs): MAXIMUM 30 MINUTES

PART-I (MCQs) MAXIMUM MARKS: 20

PART-II MAXIMUM MARKS: 80

PART-I (MCQs) — COMPULSORY

Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

1.

Which of the following is NOT a description of the American system of government?

(A) Federal Republic
(B) Constitutional Republic
(C) Parliamentary system
(D) None of these

2.

Germany is classified as being:

(A) A Federal Parliamentary Democracy
(B) A Constitutional Monarchy
(C) A Presidential State
(D) None of these

3.

Germany has a lower house of Parliament known as:

(A) Bundesrat
(B) Bundestag
(C) Reichstag
(D) None of these

4.

France is classified as being:

(A) A Semi-Presidential System
(B) A Presidential System
(C) A Constitutional Monarchy
(D) None of these

5.

In the French political system Executive Power is exercised by:

(A) Parliament
(B) Presidency
(C) Senate
(D) None of these

6.

Which of the following is NOT a member of the United Kingdom?

(A) Wales
(B) Scotland
(C) Ireland
(D) None of these

7.

In the United Kingdom the Monarch is classified as being:

(A) The Head of State
(B) The Head of Government
(C) The Head of the Protestant Church
(D) None of these

8.

The International Monetary Fund has a series of economic recommendations for states which are referred to as:

(A) Structural Adjustments
(B) Structural Modifiers
(C) Structural Realignments
(D) None of these

9.

Which of the following states are NOT members of the International Monetary Fund?

(A) Turkey
(B) Nepal
(C) Argentina
(D) None of these

10.

Which country is the highest financially indebted state to the International Monetary Fund?

(A) Cyprus
(B) Pakistan
(C) Russia
(D) None of these

11.

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is:

(A) An alternative donor institution to the World Bank
(B) A Commercial Bank
(C) A private Investment House
(D) None of these

12.

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is primarily involved in:

(A) Providing loans for infrastructure development projects

(B) Providing loans for member states involved in infrastructure development projects associated with the Belt & Road Initiative

(C) Providing monetary assistance to any state regardless of institutional membership

(D) None of these

13.

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank currently has:

(A) 111 member states
(B) 110 member states
(C) 109 member states
(D) None of these

14.

The World Trade Organization is a successor organization to:

(A) General Agreement on Trade
(B) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(C) Mercosur
(D) None of these

15.

The European Union is a Successor Organization to:

(A) European Economic Community
(B) European Economic & Political Community
(C) European Coal & Steel Community
(D) None of these

16.

The European Union is legally incorporated through which of the following?

(A) Treaty of Rome
(B) Treaty of Paris
(C) Maastricht Treaty
(D) None of these

17.

The European Commission serves as:

(A) An advisory body to the European Council of Ministers
(B) A legislative body for the European Union
(C) An executive body of the European Union
(D) None of these

18.

Which of the following is an issue that is part of the agenda being pursued by institutions classified as being part of the Global Civil Society?

(A) Minority Rights
(B) Tariff rates in the energy sector
(C) Oil extraction rates in the Middle East
(D) None of these

19.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is classified as being:

(A) A Political-Security Community
(B) An Economic Community
(C) A Socio-Cultural Community
(D) None of these

20.

The current global system of trade is underpinned with which ideological ethos?

(A) Liberalism
(B) Neo-Liberalism
(C) Libertarianism
(D) None of these

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from SECTION-A and THREE questions from SECTION-B. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at different places.

(iv) Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q.Paper.

(v) No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank pages of Answer Book must be crossed.

(vi) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

SECTION-A

Q. No. 2.

What are the main characteristics of the United Kingdom’s current political system? Has this system been successful in creating efficient mechanisms to ensure adequate public participation in the affairs of state?

(20)

Q. No. 3.

Have Pakistan’s economic ties with other regional countries improved due to the infrastructure development projects undertaken under the China-Pakistan Economic corridor component of the BRI?

(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 4.

Bilateral relations with China are a pivotal component of Pakistan’s Foreign policy. What are the primary driving factors in this relationship?

(20)

Q. No. 5.

Provide an outline of Pakistan’s federal system of government. Why has such an approach been chosen? How successful has it been in ensuring administrative efficiency?

(20)

Q. No. 6.

Has the World Trade Organization (WTO) been successful in ensuring that global trade remains beneficial to most states/units in the international system?

(20)

Q. No. 7.

Provide an assessment of how Quaid-e-Azam (Mohammad Ali Jinnah) employed political legalism to strengthen and legitimate the drive towards the creation of Pakistan.

(20)

Q. No. 8.

What role have ideological factors played in the conceptualization of Pakistan’s foreign policy?

(20)

POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I

PART-II
SECTION-A

Q. No. 2. Explain Bentham`s greatest happiness of the greatest number. (20)
Q. No. 3. What are Al-Ghazali`s pre-requisites for becoming a Khalifa? (20)
Q. No. 4. Expound Iqbal`s vision for rise of Muslims in South Asia in the era of colonialism. (20)
Q. No. 5. Write short notes on the following (10 each)
(a) Existentialism is humanism
(b) Cogito, ergo sum (I think, therefore I am)
(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 6. Rights and duties are two facets of the same coin. Elaborate. (20)
Q. No. 7. In an Islamic state, Islam is considered a complete code of life, which provides
guidelines for proper management of political power. Elaborate.
(20)
Q. No. 8. What are salient features of a professional and apolitical bureaucracy?

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2023
FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I

PART-II
SECTION-A

Q. No. 2. The people of South Asia had suffered because of missed opportunities for
regional development, connectivity, and cooperation. Evaluate the performance
of SAARC in the light of this statement.
(20)
Q. No. 3. “The military’s political role has undermined civilian institutions and the growth
of democratic political culture”. Analyze civil military relations in Pakistan.
(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 4. WTO is a tool of developed countries to be used for exploitation of developing
countries. Do you agree? Give arguments.
(20)
Q. No. 5. Pakistan China friendship is based on reciprocal developments. Analyze. (20)
Q. No. 6. Judicial activism is the natural corollary of poor governance in Pakistan. Do you
agree?
(20)
Q. No. 7. What do you understand by the term “Start Up” and How Start Up culture can be
developed in Pakistan?
(20)
Q. No. 8. Despite the enactment of 18th amendment in the constitution of Pakistan 1973,
the question of political devolution is as yet largely unresolved. Discuss.

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POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I

PART-II
SECTION-A

Q. No. 2. Discuss in detail the Plato’s concept of ‘justice.’ (20)
Q. No. 3. Compare and contrast the concepts of the ‘executive’ presented by the Muslim
thinkers Al-Farabi, Al-Mawardi, and Shah Waliullah.
(20)
Q. No. 4. Illustrate Hobbesian concept of limited ‘right to revolution’. (20)
Q. No. 5. Describe in detail Karl Marx views on class, state and religion. (20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 6. Write an essay on the development of modern nation-state. (20)
Q. No. 7. Discuss in detail the development of local-self governments in Pakistan. (20)
Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:- (10 each)
(a) Islamic political ideology
(b) Forms of political culture

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FOR RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BS-17
UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I

PART-II
SECTION-A

Q. No. 2. Define democratic peace. Highlight its basic norms and discuss how it played a vital
role in the political-economic integration of European Union (EU).
(20)
Q. No. 3. Russian-Ukraine war has threatened regional political economic global integration.
What policy options are available for IMF and WTO to address the new regional and
global challenges in the current scenario?
(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 4. What are the main determinants of Pakistan’s foreign policy? How current National
Capacity has become major challenge before independent foreign policy of Pakistan.
(20)
Q. No. 5. In what circumstances might a democratic country turn to military dictatorship or
totalitarian rule? Narrate it with case study.
(20)
Q. No. 6. After World War ll, nuclear race started in the world. How Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty (NPT) played a vital role towards a non-proliferation and what
more efforts are required to make South Asia a nuclear free zone.
(20)
Q. No. 7. What are the main characteristics of Chinese political system? How it differs from
the communist political system of USSR.
(20)
Q. No. 8. Discuss the history of constitutional development in Pakistan since 1947. How 18th
Amendment is taken as a revolutionary step towards provincial autonomy in
Pakistan?

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POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I

PART-II
SECTION-A

Q. No. 2. What is the Aristotelian classification of state? (20)
Q. No. 3. What is the difference of between Rousseau’s notion of ‘the state of nature’ and that of
Hobbes and Locke?
(20)
Q. No. 4. Ibn I Khaldun while acknowledging the external factors, emphasizes more on the
internal systemic factors as decisive for the decline of states. Elaborate.
(20)
Q. No. 5. Explain the socio-political thought of Shah Waliullah which is greatly ingrained in his
religio-philosophical thought.
(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 6. What are the political and legal constraints over the sovereignty of parliament in
Pakistan?
(20)
Q. No. 7. The adoption of parliamentary system in Pakistan is the result of political experiences
of Pakistanis in the past. Elaborate.
(20)
Q. No. 8. What is capitalism and what is its relation with democracy?

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COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2021

POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I

Q. No. 2. Under the Unitary State System, how does the local government system work in the
UK?
(20)
Q. No. 3. How does the system of Checks and Balances work in the US political system?
Explain with examples.
(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 4. “A strong political system needs a very strong political economy.” Prove this
statement by making a comparative and analytical answer with reference to China
and Malaysia.
(20)
Q. No. 5. Discuss the major issues of the constitutional making process in Pakistan in 1956,
1962, and 1973.
(20)
Q. No. 6. What are the major obstacles to the process of national integration in contemporary
Pakistan? Suggest remedies for success of the process.
(20)
Q. No. 7. Write down the major determinants of the foreign policy of Pakistan. (20)
Q. No. 8. Discuss the features of Turkish model of democracy keeping the distinguished
position of the armed forces in Turkish politics.

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POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I

PART-II
SECTION-A

Q. No. 2. Why monistic or absolute concept of sovereignty has been abandoned? Analyse legal
concept of sovereignty.
(20)
Q. No. 3. Examine Montesquieu’s theory of separation of powers. Why has he been called
“Aristotle” of eighteenth century? Discuss.
(20)
Q. No. 4. Critically analyze the Social Contract Theory of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau. (20)
Q. No. 5. Examine the view that the Hegelian spirit is nothing but evolution of human
consciousness to the realization of political maturity for global human co-existence.
(20)
SECTION-B
Q. No. 6. Critically examine the basic principles of Fascism. (20)
Q. No. 7. Bring out clearly the difference between unitary and federal forms of government. (20)
Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:- (10 each)
(a). Ibn-e-Khaldun’s concept of Asbiyah
(b). Marx’s theory of Class Struggle

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COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
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THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2020

POLITICAL SCIENCE, PAPER-I

PART-II

SECTION-A

Q. No. 2. Discuss the way in which globalization could promote regionalization as an
adaptation.
Q. No. 3. Under the Unitary State System, how local government system works in UK?
(20)
(20)

SECTION-B

Q. No. 4. Critically evaluate the role of Post-World War-II International Financial Regimes in
the economic development of the less developed countries.
Q. No. 5. Critically evaluate the role of Military in Turkish Politics?
Q. No. 6. Discuss the powers and functions of China’s National People’s Congress?
Q. No. 7. Make a comparative analysis of the Constitution of 1956 and amended Constitution
of Pakistan 1973?
Q. No. 8. In the Post World War-II period, what were the important patterns of the Balance of
Power?

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