Q. No. 2. Dengue over the years has expanded significantly. Give a comprehensive management plan to reduce the disease burden. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 3. Migration is one of the most widespread characters of some of the chordates. Discuss. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 4. Cell to organism. How does this natural phenomena happen? (20)

 

 

Q. No. 5. What are enzymes and coenzymes? Discuss their role in life of the organism and the activities that are dependent upon them. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 6. Biogeochemical cycles are dependent on natural elemental sources for improving sustainability of ecosystems. How do these ecological drivers work and what is their impact on the environment? (20)

 

 

Q. No. 7. Integument pays a vital role in the survival of individuals. How would you compare the integument of invertebrates and which according to your opinion is the most diversified one and why? (20)

 

 

Q. No. 8. Make a comparison of feeding and digestion process in carnivores and Herbivores.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Explain in detail the most primitive metazoans and their evolution. (20)

 

Q. No. 3. Write in detail the microscopic structure, skeleton, histology and sexual reproduction & development of Sycon gelatinosum. (20)

 

Q. No. 4. What are the general features of nematodes including physiology, prevalence and economic importance? (20)

 

Q. No. 5. How genetic equilibrium is upset. Explain. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. Discuss in detail taxonomic characters and phylogenetic reconstruction. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Describe mechanism of hormone actions. (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write in detail on extinction and biodiversity.

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Explain in detail the circulation, gas exchange and temperature regulation in reptiles. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 3. Describe various hormones of the mammalian adrenal gland with their functions. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 4. Write a detailed account on maintenance functions of class Arachnida. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 5. Define linked genes. Explain in detail the inheritance of X-linked recessive genes. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 6. Explain the body wall, digestion, nervous system and sensory organs of flat worms. (20)

 

 

Q. No. 7. How does excretion and osmoregulation occur in mammals? (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (05 each)
(a) Hardy-Weinberg theorem
(b) Sedimentary cycle
(c) Metamerism
(d) Mechanism of neuron action
(e) Invertebrate sensory receptors
(f) Gas exchange in Mammals

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Discuss emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases of public health importance. Describe the impact of climate change on vector-borne diseases.
(20)

 

Q. No. 3. How the members of Chordates are different from Hemichordates? Name five hallmarks shared by all chordates and describe functions of each.
(20)

 

Q. No. 4. What is the difference between bird’s migration and navigation? Discuss navigational resources used by different bird species in long distance migration.
(20)

 

Q. No. 5. How gene mutation differ from chromosomal aberration? Discuss the type(s) of mutation responsible for new variation of a trait.
(20)

 

Q. No. 6. Discuss sexual and asexual reproduction in protozoa. Explain parthenogenesis. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Describe Fluid-Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane. What are different types of movements across the plasma membrane?
(20)

 

Q. No. 8. Discuss the structure and functions of different types of neurons. Describe general pathway for the flow of information within the nervous system.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. Discuss in detail how do the marine and terrestrial animals meet the problems of salt and water balance?
(20)

 

Q. No. 3. Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine glands. Through how many kinds of receptors do the hormones act and how is the secretion rate controlled?
(20)

 

Q. No. 4. Arthropod exoskeleton is the most complex of invertebrate integuments. Describe its structure and explain the difference in the way the cuticle is hardened in Crustaceans and in insects.
(20)

 

Q. No. 5. Members of such a large and diverse phylum as mollusca impact humans in many ways. Discuss. Also name classes of the phylum with two differential characters for each.
(20)

 

Q. No. 6. (a) Discuss parasitic adaptation and medical importance with respect to nematodes.
(b) Write note on structural and functional adaptation in mammals.
(20)

 

Q. No. 7. Metamerism profoundly influences virtually every aspect of annelid structure and function, such as the anatomical arrangement of organs that are coincidentally with Metamerism. Discuss through logical reasoning.
(20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (05 each)
(a) Gas exchange in reptiles
(b) Carbohydrates: Nature’s Most Abundant Organic Substance
(c) Mendel’s Law of inheritance
(d) Food chain
(e) Social Behaviour and its impact on individuals
(f) Composition of blood

 

 

 

 

 

 

Q. No. 2. How has the role of forests been identified in mitigating climate change? What are the various mechanisms designed in this regard? Also describe various controversies attached to these mechanisms? (20)

 

Q. No. 3. How the ecology of Arthropod vectors and their breeding habitats may be manipulated at different levels to introduce novel strategies for integrated pest management? (20)

 

Q. No. 4. How members of Hemichordata are different from Chordates? Highlight Phylogenetic significance of different classes of Hemichordata. (20)

 

Q. No. 5. Explain in detail the digestion of carbohydrates and fats in various segments of the gastrointestinal tract in simple stomach animals. (20)

 

Q. No. 6. One of the important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis). Enlist the releasing factors/hormones of hypothalamus and explain their effects on target cells/tissue/glands. (20)

 

Q. No. 7. Describe the synthesis, transport and functions of thyroid hormones. How the secretion of thyroid hormones is regulated in hyper-and-hypo thyrodism? (20)

 

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (5 each)
(a) Control of nematode parasites
(b) Neo-Darwinian theory
(c) Adaptability pattern of mammals
(d) Advantages and disadvantages of allosteric regulation versus covalent modification
(e) Concept of second messenger in hormone action
(f) Adaptation of fishes in cold and hot water

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Q. No. 2.

Give an overview of National Parks of Pakistan and discuss current status of biodiversity in these parks.

(20)

 

Q. No. 3.

(a) Write down major reasons of success on earth in case of Arthropods.

(10)

(b) Explain different embryological stages in the development of an Echinoderm.

(10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 4.

(a) Describe different evolutionary trends in invertebrates and vertebrates reproduction.

(10)

(b) What do you know about endogenous and exogenous fishes of Pakistan?

(10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 5.

What do you know about Recombinant DNA technology? What are its basic steps and how this technology is beneficial to us?

(20)

 

Q. No. 6.

Discuss Green House Effect and Global Warming in the scenario of present climatic conditions.

(20)

 

Q. No. 7.

(a) Discuss the role of Hypothalamus in controlling pituitary gland function.

(10)

(b) How nervous system acts on animal behaviour? Explain with examples.

(10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 8.

Write short notes on TWO of the following topics:

(10 each)

(a) DNA Replication process in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

(b) Zoonotic Diseases

(c) Plate-Tectonics Theory

(20)

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Q. No. 2.

(a) Describe the importance of insects to mankind. (10)

(b) Explain acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate conditions in animals. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 3.

Write a detailed essay on Metazoa. (20)

 

Q. No. 4.

What is polymorphism? Compare a polyp of Obelia with medusa of Obelia. (20)

 

Q. No. 5.

Earthworms are friends of farmers! How? Discuss in detail. (20)

 

SECTION-II

 

Q. No. 6.

(a) Describe different types of cartilage found in vertebrates. (10)

(b) What are different views regarding sense organs in mammals? (10)

(20)

Q. No. 7.

(a) What is a placenta? Give an account of placentation in mammals. (10)

(b) Explain the physiology of muscle contraction and relaxation. (10)

(20)

Q. No. 8.

What is excretion? Give an account of various types of excretory products in animals. (20)

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Q. No. 2.

(a) What is gene expression? Describe the role of tRNA, mRNA and rRNA in protein synthesis? (10)

(b) Describe the structure & function of Golgi complex? (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 3.

(a) How Hypothalamus-Pituitary Gland regulate and control thyroid endocrine functions in mammals? (10)

(b) How oxygen is transported in blood? (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 4.

(a) What is the role of nephrons in urine formation? How different types of Leukocytes (white blood cell) are formed in body? (10)

(b) How proteins are digested and absorbed in gastrointestinal tract? (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 5.

(a) Compare Mendelian Principle of Segregation with that of Independent Assortment? (10)

(b) How external environment effects gene expression? (10)

(20)

SECTION-II

 

Q. No. 6.

(a) “Ontogeny repeats phylogeny”. Discuss and compare the Theory of Recapitulation (Biogenic Law) proposed by Ernst Haeckel with Von Baer’s Rule of Embryology, postulated by Karl Ernst Ritter von Baer. (10)

(b) How you will reconcile the debate between religion and science on the issue of evolution of human being. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 7.

(a) “Living (biotic) organisms and their nonliving (abiotic) environment are inseparably interrelated and interact upon each other.” Discuss. (10)

(b) Define & differentiate between: (2½ each)  (10) (20)

(i) Food Chain & Food Web

(ii) Stenothermal & Eurythermal

(iii) Lentic & Lotic Communities

(iv) Fisheries & Aquaculture

 

Q. No. 8.

(a) “Ecosystems are capable of self-maintenance and self-regulation as are their component populations and organisms.” Discuss. (10)

(b) Write short notes on (2½ each): (10) (20)

(i) Conservation of Biodiversity

(ii) Climate Change & Global Warming

(iii) Liebig’s Law of the Minimum

(iv) Positive Interactions (Commensalism, Cooperation & Mutualism)

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Q. No. 2.

(a) Write an essay on parasitic zoonosis. (10)

(b) Describe protozoan parasites of public health importance. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 3.

(a) Describe parasitic adaptation in platyhelminthes. (10)

(b) Compare the structure and function of water vascular system of asteroids, Ophiuroids and crinoids. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 4.

(a) What is torsion and shell coiling? Describe their effects on gastropod structure and function. (10)

(b) Describe digestive system of insects with the help of suitable labelled diagram. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 5.

Write short notes on the followings: (5 each) (20)

(a) Toxoplasmosis

(b) Metamorphosis

(c) Parthenogenesis

(d) Parasitasis

 

SECTION-II

Q. No. 6.

(a) Describe types of vertebrate neurons with the help of suitable labelled diagrams(s).

(b) Discuss various types of fish scales. (10 each)

(20)

 

Q. No. 7.

(a) Describe biting apparatus of a poisonous snake and explain the biting mechanism. (10)

(b) Describe various types of primitive vertebrate heart. Illustrate answer with labelled diagram. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 8.

Write short notes on the followings: (5 each)

(a) Birds Migration and Navigation

(b) Crocodiles and Alligators

(c) Turtles and Tortoises

(d) Marsupials and Monotremes

(20)

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Q. No. 2.

(a) Describe in detail the process of fat absorption in the small intestine. (10)

(b) Name and describe the major roles of the hormones secreted by Anterior and Posterior Pitutary glands. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 3.

(a) Describe the structure and Function of Mitochondria. (10)

(b) Discuss the Fluid Mosaic Model of cell membrane. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 4.

(a) Explain the law of Independent Assortment with the help of suitable examples. (10)

(b) Write a note on Genetic Engineering. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 5.

(a) Explain the composition and important roles of plasma in the human body. (10)

(b) Discuss the physiology of glomerular filtration and composition of the glomerular filtrate. (10)

(20)

 

SECTION-II

Q. No. 6.

Write an essay on sources of environmental pollution and their impacts on biodiversity and human health.

(20)

 

Q. No. 7.

(a) Elaborate the modern concept of natural selection with suitable examples. (10)

(b) Discuss the Lamark’s theory of Evolution. (10)

(20)

 

Q. No. 8.

Describe the physiologic anatomy of synapse. Discuss also special characteristics of synaptic transmission.

(20)

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Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

1. Metamerically segmented worms belong to phylum:

(a) Nematoda
(b) Platyhelminthes
(c) Annelida
(d) None of these

2. Which of the following is a multiflagellate Protozoa?

(a) Ceratium
(b) Noctiluca
(c) Leishmania
(d) None of these

3. Spicules are secreted by:

(a) Scleroblasts
(b) Nematoblasts
(c) Endoblasts
(d) None of these

4. Which of the following is a porous opening through which water enters the hydrocoel of an echinoderm?

(a) Pedicellaria
(b) Tube feet
(c) Madreporite
(d) None of these

5. The body cavity of most triploblastic animals formed by splitting the mesoderm into an outer and an inner layer is called:

(a) Coelentron
(b) Coelom
(c) Colon
(d) None of these

6. Compound eyes are found in:

(a) Platyhelminthes
(b) Ecinodermate
(c) Mollusca
(d) None of these

7. Egg-laying mammals are placed in sub class:

(a) Meththeria
(b) Prototheria
(c) Theria
(d) None of these

8. Open circulatory system is found in:

(a) Birds
(b) Earthworms
(c) Cockroaches
(d) None of these

9. Bivalve molluscs are usually:

(a) Scavangers
(b) Deposit feeder
(c) Filter feeder
(d) None of these

10. The pillar or central axis around which the whorls of a gastropod shell are coiled is called:

(a) Columella
(b) Collembola
(c) Colloblasts
(d) None of these

11. The ninth vertebra of frog is known as:

(a) Cervical
(b) Sacral
(c) Urostyle
(d) None of these

12. The stage in an embryo in which the primary germ layers have been laid down is called:

(a) Gastrula
(b) Blastula
(c) Morula
(d) None of these

13. A fish which migrates down river to spawn in the sea is called:

(a) Anadromous
(b) Catadromous
(c) Dromiacea
(d) None of these

14. Which of the following has four-chambered heart?

(a) Dog fish
(b) Frog
(c) Pigeon
(d) All of these

15. Facets by which vertebrae articulate with one another are called:

(a) Metapophyses
(b) Parapophyses
(c) Zygopophyses
(d) None of these

16. The inner membrane of the two foetal membranes in reptiles, birds and mammals is called:

(a) Amnion
(b) Chorion
(c) Peritoneum
(d) None of these

17. Amphioxus is an example of:

(a) Urochordata
(b) Cyclostomata
(c) Hemichordata
(d) None of these

18. Filarial worm (genus Wuchereria) belong to phylum:

(a) Nematoda
(b) Platyhelminthes
(c) Annelida
(d) None of these

19. Notochord is formed from primary:

(a) Ectoderm
(b) Mesoderm
(c) Endoderm
(d) All of these

20. Shell fish includes:

(a) Shrimp, Crabs and eel fish
(b) Dog fish, crabs and lobsters
(c) Lobsters, crabs and shrimps
(d) All of these

 

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Candidate must write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.

(iii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II, selecting TWO questions from EACH SECTION. All questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iv) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.

 

SECTION-A

Q.2.

(a) Give an account of life cycle of Fasciola hepatica. (10)

(b) Describe the various types of larval forms found in crustacea. (10)

Q.3.

(a) What is the difference between corallite and coral reef? Give a detailed account of the various forms of coral reefs. (10)

(b) Write an essay on parasitic adaptation in platyhelminthes. (10)

Q.4.

(a) Describe the morphology and microscopic structure of the shell of a gastropod mollusc such as Pila. (10)

(b) Describe the water vascular system of star fish. (10)

Q.5.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Binary fission in Paramecium

(b) Flame cells

(c) Leishmaniasis

(d) Spicules

(5 each) (20)

 

SECTION-B

Q.6.

(a) Describe various types of heart found in the vertebrate. (10)

(b) Give an account of flight adaptation of birds. (10)

Q.7.

(a) Describe the pelvic girdle of frog with the help of labelled diagram. (10)

(b) Give a detailed structure of the eye of frog. (10)

Q.8.

Write short notes on the following:

(a) Biting mechanism of snakes

(b) Placenta

(c) Fish scales

(d) Neuron

(5 each) (20)

 

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Q.1.

(i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Circle on the OMR Answer Sheet. (20 × 1 = 20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere, other than OMR Answer Sheet, shall not be considered.

1. Which of these is a direct source of energy for muscle contraction?

(a) ATP
(b) Creatine phosphate
(c) Lactic acid
(d) Glucose
(e) None of these

2. Muscle fatigue is caused by:

(a) CO₂
(b) Lactic acid
(c) Fumaric acid
(d) Ethyl alcohol
(e) None of these

3. The functional unit in a skeletal muscle is called:

(a) Actin filament
(b) Sarcomere
(c) Z line
(d) Myosin filament
(e) None of these

4. We would describe the layered, flat, scaly epithelium of human skin as:

(a) Simple Squamous
(b) Stratified Squamous
(c) Stratified Columnar
(d) Pseudo Stratified Cubiodal
(e) None of these

5. Which of the following is not considered to be a tissue?

(a) Cartilage
(b) Mucous membrane lining the stomach
(c) Blood
(d) Brain
(e) All of these

6. As a Zoologist you would look for looping movement in:

(a) Earthworms
(b) Poly chaetes
(c) Echinoderms
(d) Leeches
(e) None of these

7. The elements of nervous system which help in co-ordination are:

(a) Receptors
(b) Neurons
(c) Effectors
(d) All of these
(e) None of these

8. The distal ends of which of these neurons lie adjacent to blood stream:

(a) Afferent neurons
(b) Efferent neurons
(c) Inter neurons
(d) Neuro secretory neuron
(e) All of these

9. The electrical potential that exists across a cell membrane is:

(a) Resting membrane potential
(b) Active membrane potential
(c) Automatic potential
(d) All of these
(e) None of these

10. A nerve is a:

(a) Collection of neurons
(b) Concentration of dendrites and exons
(c) Bundles of exons or dendrites of neurons
(d) Bundles of exons or dendrites bounded by connective tissues
(e) None of these

11. Which of these is a correct statement?

(a) All of the neurons are excitable
(b) All of the neurons can transmit impulses across their membrane
(c) Transmission of nurve impulses is always unidirectional
(d) All of these statements
(e) None of these

12. Sodium-Potassium pump operates with the help of which of these enzymes:

(a) Na⁺ ― K⁺ ATPase
(b) Phosphatase
(c) Isomerase
(d) Hydrolase
(e) None of these

13. Name of the chemical messengers released to the exterior of one animal that affect the behaviour of another individual of the same species:

(a) Neuropeptides
(b) Neurohormones
(c) Pheromones
(d) Neurotransmitters
(e) None of these

14. Hormones that the Thyroid gland secrets are:

(a) Proteins
(b) Amines
(c) Steroids
(d) Carbohydrates
(e) All of these

15. Thyroxine is:

(a) An enzyme
(b) A hormone
(c) A vitamin
(d) An excretory waste
(e) None of these

16. Development of Secondary Sexual characters in a female is controlled by:

(a) STH
(b) Androgens
(c) TSH
(d) Estrogens
(e) None of these

17. Insulin is a hormone which is secreted by:

(a) Islet of langerhans and regulates glucose level in blood
(b) Thyroid and regulates growth
(c) Adrenals and regulates heart beat
(d) Pituitary and regulates reproduction
(e) None of these

18. Hormone responsible for regulation of calcium and phosphorous is secreted by:

(a) Thyroid
(b) Para-thyroid
(c) Adrenals
(d) Thymus
(e) None of these

19. A hormone responsible for conversion of glucose into glycogen within the liver is called:

(a) Secretin
(b) Gastrin
(c) Pancreozymin
(d) Insulin
(e) None of these

20. Fibrinogen is found in the:

(a) Bile and produced in liver
(b) Blood and produced by RBCS
(c) Blood and produced in liver
(d) Bone and produced in bone marrow
(e) None of these

 

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) Part-II is to be attempted on the separate Answer Book.

(ii) Candidate must write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.

(iii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II, selecting TWO questions from EACH SECTION. All questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iv) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.

 

SECTION-A

Q.2.

Describe the phenomenon of Mitotic Cell division in animals. (20)

 

Q.3.

Define an allele. Explain Mendel’s principle of Independent assortment with examples. (20)

 

Q.4.

What do you know about sex-linked inheritance? Explain with examples. (20)

 

SECTION-B

Q.5.

Do you believe in “Evolution”. Give evidences in favour of the theory. (20)

 

Q.6.

Define bio-geochemical cycles. Explain ‘Nitrogen’ cycle diagrammatically. (20)

 

Q.7.

What is Darwinism? Differentiate it from Lamarkism. What do you know about the synthesis of Darwinian theory with population genetics? (20)

 

Q.8.

Describe various interactions among animal populations. (20)

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