(i) Original: Having been perpetuated for centuries the systemic inequalities and discriminatory policies of the government which has been institutionalized, are a form of structural violence that affect marginalized communities.
Corrected: Systemic inequalities and discriminatory policies, perpetuated for centuries and institutionalized by the government, constitute a form of structural violence that affects marginalized communities.
Explanation: The original sentence has a dangling modifier ("Having been perpetuated...") and awkward phrasing. The corrected version clarifies the subject, improves flow, and uses "affects" to agree with the plural subject "inequalities and policies." The relative pronoun "which" is replaced for conciseness.
(ii) Original: We cleaned all the kitchen while our parents were out to dinner.
Corrected: We cleaned the entire kitchen while our parents were out to dinner.
Explanation: "All the kitchen" is non-idiomatic; "the entire kitchen" is more natural. The phrase "out to dinner" is corrected to "out for dinner" in some contexts, but "out to dinner" is acceptable in casual usage.
(iii) Original: If I’m stressed out about something, I tend to have problem to fall asleep.
Corrected: If I’m stressed about something, I tend to have problems falling asleep.
Explanation: "Stressed out" is simplified to "stressed" for conciseness. "Have problem to fall" is corrected to "have problems falling" for grammatical accuracy and natural phrasing. The gerund "falling" is used after "have problems."
(iv) Original: If I will be in Lahore, I will contact to you.
Corrected: If I am in Lahore, I will contact you.
Explanation: In conditional sentences with "if," the present tense ("am") is used for future possibilities, not "will be." The phrase "contact to you" is corrected to "contact you," as "contact" does not take a preposition.
(v) Original: The cultural globalization—it is a phenomenon that has been driven by technological advancements and economic integration—is a threat to local cultures.
Corrected: Cultural globalization, a phenomenon driven by technological advancements and economic integration, poses a threat to local cultures.
Explanation: The original sentence uses unnecessary dashes and wordy phrasing. The corrected version removes the dashes, simplifies "has been driven" to "driven," and changes "is a threat" to "poses a threat" for conciseness and clarity.
(vi) Original: The impact of cybertechnology on modern society is being studied by researchers, who has found that it has both positive and negative effects.
Corrected: The impact of cybertechnology on modern society is being studied by researchers, who have found that it has both positive and negative effects.
Explanation: The subject "researchers" is plural, so the verb "has" is corrected to "have" for subject-verb agreement.
(vii) Original: The experimental novel—which blends elements of poetry and prose—is a challenge to traditional notions of storytelling and narrative structure, but it will have been widely accepted by the time it is recognized as a masterpiece.
Corrected: The experimental novel, which blends elements of poetry and prose, challenges traditional notions of storytelling and narrative structure but will likely be widely accepted by the time it is recognized as a masterpiece.
Explanation: The phrase "is a challenge to" is simplified to "challenges" for conciseness. The future perfect "will have been" is replaced with "will likely be" for clarity and to avoid an overly complex tense, as the intended meaning is a future likelihood.
(viii) Original: The honor killings that having been perpetuate by the societies are exacting a deadly toll on the vulnerable individuals which are exacerbating the excruciating norms more.
Corrected: Honor killings, perpetuated by societal norms, exact a deadly toll on vulnerable individuals, exacerbating oppressive cultural practices.
Explanation: The original sentence has multiple errors: "having been perpetuate" is corrected to "perpetuated" (past participle), and "by the societies" is simplified to "by societal norms" for clarity. "Which are exacerbating" is replaced with "exacerbating" for conciseness, and "excruciating norms more" is rephrased as "oppressive cultural practices" for clarity and precision.