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CSS International Relations Past Paper 2025

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FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2025

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

PART-I (MCQs)(COMPULSORY)

1. Which of the following is an overlooked factor in global water politics?
(A) Agriculture Production (B) Privatization of Water Resources
(C) Good Governance (D) None of these

2. Which African country was the first to secure independence from colonial rule?
(A) Ghana (B) Nigeria (C) Chad (D) None of these

3. The concept of Prudent Realism is mainly discussed by:
(A) T.V. Paul (B) Fareed Zakaria (C) Gideon Rose (D) None of these

4. Which university established the first academic department of International Relations?
(A) University of Oxford (B) Harvard University (C) University of Cambridge (D) None of these

5. The main idea of anarchy generally refers to:
(A) Fear of Unknown (B) Fear of Circumstances (C) Fear of Enemies (D) None of these

6. What is the name of only sea on Earth with no coastline and it is known as sea within a sea.
(A) Aegean Sea (B) Sargasso Sea (C) Red Sea (D) None of these

7. The Ankara Declaration 2024 was a landmark development between:
(A) Iran and Saudi Arabia (B) Armenia and Azerbaijan (C) Ethiopia and Somalia (D) None of these

8. Which movement was launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1942?
(A) Civil Disobedience Movement (B) Quit India Movement
(C) Non-Cooperation Movement (D) None of these

9. Which European country is known as the “Land of Thousand Lakes”?
(A) Norway (B) Iceland (C) Finland (D) None of these

10. Who typically plays the most significant role in policy implementation?
(A) Politicians (B) Legislators (C) Bureaucrats (D) None of these

11. Which doctrine focuses on non-interference in the internal affairs of other states?
(A) Realpolitik (B) Isolationalism (C) Sovereignty (D) None of these

12. What is the emphasize of cyber-security policy?
(A) Security individual internet users (B) Securing government infrastructure and digital assets
(C) Securing social media networks and digital platforms (D) None of these

13. Affordable Care Act 2010 of US is known as
(A) Obamacare (B) Bidencare (C) Trumpcare (D) None of these

14. Brexit refers to the United Kingdom’s decision to:
(A) Leave the European Union (B) Strengthen Domestic Economy
(C) Create New Alliances (D) None of these

15. One-Child Policy of China was primarily introduced to:
(A) Regulate Economy (B) Control Population Growth
(C) Promote Urbanization (D) None of these

16. Abenomics refers to Japan’s policies regarding:
(A) Trade with India (B) Trade with US (C) Trade with South Korea (D) None of these

17. Which forced United States to join World War II?
(A) The Invasion of Poland (B) Attack on Pearl Harbour (C) The D-Day Invasion (D) None of these

18. The African National Congress (ANC) was active in its fight against?
(A) Apartheid in South Africa (B) European Colonization in Africa
(C) Economic Inequality of Africa (D) None of these

19. The Covid-19 was officially declared a global pandemic by the WHO in:
(A) January 2020 (B) May 2020 (C) March 2020 (D) None of these

20. The Mau Mau Rebellion occurred in:
(A) Kenya (B) Nigeria (C) Ghana (D) None of these

PART-II

Q. No. 2. What were the key driving forces behind the establishment of International Relations
as an academic discipline? Provide an analysis of the major historical events and
intellectual developments that contributed to its evolution and formal recognition in
the world.(20)

Q. No. 3. What are the key theoretical perspectives of non-Western approaches to understand
the nature and evolution of world politics, and how do they compliment or challenge
traditional Western paradigms?(20)

Q. No. 4. How has minilateralism emerged as a modern approach to foreign policy in state
relations? Provide a rational explanation of its development, highlighting the major
factors driving its adoption and advantages over traditional multilateralism.(20)

Q. No. 5. How does the Taliban's transition from a non-state actor to a formal state actor
challenge the security paradigm in the post-21st-century? Provide a conceptual
analysis by examining its implications and drawing comparisons with similar global
developments.(20)

Q. No. 6. How has the digitalization of international system reshaped traditional warfare,
sparking strategic clashes in the post-information era? Explore its theoretical
implications for modern conflict.(20)

Q. No. 7. What innovative strategies can be employed to overcome the political and technical
obstacles in achieving complete nuclear disarmament? Discuss logically.(20)

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
(a) Surveillance Capitalism
(b) Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD)
(c) Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO)

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2025

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, PAPER-II

PART-I (MCQs)(COMPULSORY)

1. Emmanuel Kant and John Locke provided the philosophical basis for:
(A) Realism (B) Liberalism (C) Modernism (D) None of these

2. The Modern State System is believed to have started with:
(A) End of Second World War (B) Versailles Treaty (C) Peace of Westphalia (D) None of these

3. Which country issued the Balfour Declaration in 1917?
(A) America (B) Russia (C) Britain (D) None of these

4. The League of Nations was established by:
(A) Harry S. Truman (B) Henry Kissinger (C) Ronald Reagan (D) None of these

5. The Second World War began with Germany’s attack on:
(A) Austria (B) Poland (C) Russia (D) None of these

6. The Monroe Doctrine was a key part of the foreign policy of:
(A) Germany (B) Russia (C) India (D) None of these

7. The US policy of containment of Soviet expansion was advocated by:
(A) George C. Marshall (B) Cordell Hull (C) George F. Kennan (D) None of these

8. Glasnost and Perestroika policies were associated with the Soviet leader:
(A) Joseph Stalin (B) Mikhail Gorbachev (C) Leonid Brezhnev (D) None of these

9. Which theoretical perspective views globalization as a new form of imperialism?
(A) Idealism (B) Realism (C) Liberalism (D) None of these

10. The Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries in:
(A) December 1989 (B) December 1990 (C) December 1991 (D) None of these

11. The Democratic Peace theory is based upon the Perpetual Peace theory presented by:
(A) Karl Marx (B) Paul Kennedy (C) Emmanuel Kant (D) None of these

12. The theory of Rimland was presented by:
(A) Alfred Mahan (B) Nicholas Spykman (C) Halford Mackinder (D) None of these

13. The Cuban Missile Crisis between the United States and the Soviet Union occurred in:
(A) 1965 (B) 1969 (C) 1967 (D) None of these

14. China’s Belt and Road Initiative offers:
(A) Six economic corridors (B) Twelve economic corridors (C) Four economic corridors (D) None of these

15. The term “Axis Powers” was related to:
(A) World War I (B) World War I I (C) Cold War (D) None of these

16. The permanent members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO) are:
(A) 5 (B) 6 (C) 7 (D) None of these

17. How many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are considered a collection of interlinked
global goals:
(A) 15 (B) 11 (C) 18 (D) None of these

18. 25. NATO was formed in:
(A) 1948 (B) 1949 (C) 1950 (D) None of these

19. Weapons of mass destruction include:
(A) Nuclear, chemical and biological weapons (B) Nuclear, conventional and biological weapons
(C) Chemical, ballistic and biological weapons (D) None of these

20. The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT-I) was signed in:
(A) 1973 (B) 1971 (C) 1972 (D) None of these

PART-II

Q. No. 2. How has the development of nuclear weapons by India and Pakistan impacted the
South Asian geopolitical landscape? What measures both the states have taken to
ensure stability in the region?(20)

Q. No. 3. Write a detailed note on global power transition and emerging competition
between the United States and China. Will this competition lead to a stabilising or
destabilising order?(20)

Q. No. 4. Why is the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) becoming an important
platform for its member states? How has Pakistan's membership in the SCO
impacted its relationships with China?(20)

Q. No. 5. In light of the recent escalation in the Israel-Palestine conflict, what are the main
factors contributing to the current tensions, and how can international actors
effectively address the humanitarian crisis while working toward a long-term
resolution?(20)

Q. No. 6. How did the Cold War influence Pakistan's foreign policy and alliances,
particularly with the United States and the Soviet Union?(20)

Q. No. 7. How are the IMF and World Bank addressing Pakistan's economic challenges, and
how do their policies impact Pakistan's long-term economic stability and social
development?(20)

Q. No. 8. How does the competition between the United States and China shape global
dynamics in the economic, IT, and military sectors, and what implications does this
rivalry have for the emerging world order?

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