Philosophy Past Papers 2025

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2025 FOR RECRUITMENT
TO POSTS IN BS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

PHILOSOPHY

PART-I (MCQs)(COMPULSORY)

Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet.(20x1=20)

(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.

1. There are ____________ causes operative in the Universe according to Aristotle.
(A) One (B) Four (C) Thirteen (D) None of these

2. The School of Epicureans promotes:
(A) Pessimism (B) Pleasure (C) Withdrawal (D) None of these

3. ______________means purpose.
(A) Ontology (B) De-ontology (C) Teleology (D) None of these

4. _____________believed in the singularity of Reality.
(A) Spinoza (B) Berkeley (C) Leibniz (D) None of these

5. According to _____________ the universe is composed of numbers.
(A) G.E. Moore (B) Wittgenstein (C) Spinoza (D) None of these

6. “ Self Consciousness” is the fundamental concept of:
(A) Dialectical Materialism (B) Empiricism (C) German Idealism (D) None of these

7. ________ was the first Muslim philosopher who proposed a complete theory of Prophet-hood.
(A) Al-Kindi (B) Ibn Sina (C) Al-Farabi (D) None of these

8. Monads, as per Leibniz possess:
(A) Atomic structure (B) Amorphous shape (C) Pre-established harmony (D) None of these

9. Critique of Pure Reason is a work by:
(A) Kant (B) Spengler (C) Spencer (D) None of these

10. _____________ declared religion as opium for the masses.
(A) Carl Jung (B) Adler (C) Marx (D) None of these

11. “Vienna Circle” was founded by:
(A) Sigmund Freud (B) Moritz Schlick (C) Bertrand Russell (D) None of these

12. “Dialogue Concerning Natural Religion” is a well-known work of:
(A) A.J Ayer (B) Camus (C) Hume (D) None of these

13. Divine Attributes are identical with his essence according to:
(A) Mutazilites (B) Asharites (C) Zahirites (D) None of these

14. ______________revived the philosophical and scientific spirit in the world of Islam.
(A) Al-Ghazali (B) Ibn Sina (C) Al-Farabi (D) None of these

15. Marcus Aurelius belonged to School of:
(A) Stoicism (B) Scepticism (C) Hedonism (D) None of these

16. Kashf-ul-Mahjoob is a book of:
(A) Philosophy (B) Mysticism (C) Theology (D) None of these

17. ____________ was the only English member of Vienna Circle.
(A) G.E. Moore (B) A.J. Ayer (C) Gilbert Ryle (D) None of these

18. Pragmatic theory declares Truth as:
(A) Correspondence (B) Usefulness (C) Coherence (D) None of these

19. _______________ proposed that Philosophy should revert to Being again.
(A) A.N. Whitehead (B) Martin Heidegger (C) Immanuel Kant (D) None of these

20. The term “ Post-Modernism” was coined by:
(A) Lyotard (B) Sartre (C) Foucault (D) None of these

PART-II

Q. No. 2. Explain David Hume’s Theory of Knowledge in detail. How did Hume carry his Empiricism/Scepticism to its logical limits? (20)

Q. No. 3. Do you agree with the John Stuart Mill’s Creed of “Greatest Happiness Principle”, better known as “Utilitarianism”? Support your opinion with cogent arguments. Highlight its contemporary relevance. (20)

Q. No. 4. Explain Al-Ghazali’s stance on the relationship of Cause and Effect. Discuss its subsequent consequences in the academic arena of the Muslim World.
(20)

Q. No. 5. What is Pragmatism? How is it the best method to resolve Old Metaphysical Disputes according to William James? (20)

Q. No. 6. Shed light on Hegel’s illustrious Dialectical Method. What did Hegel prove through it? Why did he need a new philosophical method? (20)

Q. No. 7. “Sensible World is a crude copy of the World of Ideas”. Elucidate Plato’s Metaphysics in-depth. (20)

Q. No. 8. What do you understand by the term “Neo-Pragmatism”? Analyze Richard Rorty’s Ethnocentrism, Naturalism and Relativism shortly and crisply.

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