PART – I (MCQ)

(COMPULSORY)

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (1 × 20 = 20)

(i) Psychology may best be described as the scientific study of _____ and _____.

(a) Mental states; Physical states
(b) Thoughts; Emotions
(c) Behaviour; Mental processes
(d) Mental health; Mental illness
(e) None of these

(ii) Freud believed that adult problems usually:

(a) Result in Freudian slip
(b) Result in bad dreams
(c) Can be traced back to critical stage during childhood
(d) Are the result of poor behaviour
(e) None of these

(iii) Gestalt theory emphasizes:

(a) A flow of consciousness
(b) The atoms of thought
(c) Environmental stimuli
(d) Our tendency to see pattern
(e) None of these

(iv) Whereas the _____ asked what happens when an organism does something; the _____ asked how and why.

(a) Functionalist; Behaviourist
(b) Structuralist; Introspectronist
(c) Structuralist; Functionalist
(d) Functionalist; Structuralist
(e) None of these

(v) The _____ lobe is to hearing as the occipital lobe is to vision.

(a) Frontal
(b) Temporal
(c) Parietal
(d) Cerebeller
(e) None of these

(vi) Reflexes are usually controlled by the:

(a) Medulla
(b) Frontal lobe
(c) Spinal cord
(d) Hypothalamus
(e) None of these

(vii) A part of the brain that sends signals “Alert” to higher centres of the brain in response to incoming messages is:

(a) Limbic system
(b) Reticular formation
(c) Amygdala
(d) Hippocampus
(e) None of these

(viii) Perception of the brightness of a colour is affected mainly by:

(a) The amplitude of light waves
(b) The wavelength of light waves
(c) The purity of light waves
(d) The saturation of light waves
(e) None of these

(ix) Which of the following is not a clue for depth perception?

(a) Interposition
(b) Orientation
(c) Linear perspective
(d) Reduced clarity
(e) None of these

(x) Psychophysics is the study of:

(a) Perceptual illness
(b) The psychological perception of physical stimuli
(c) Depth perception
(d) Movement perception
(e) None of these

(xi) Perceptual constancies are:

(a) Illusion in which we perceive something that does not correspond to the sensory information
(b) Confusing to an individual rather than helping him determine what really exists
(c) Likely inborn and not subject to learning
(d) An aid in perceiving a stable and consistent world
(e) None of these

(xii) Which of the following is a subdivision of the autonomic nervous system?

(a) Both the sympathetic and para-sympathetic nervous systems
(b) Only sympathetic nervous system
(c) Only the parasympathetic nervous system
(d) Brain and spinal cord
(e) None of these

(xiii) Any stimulus that follows a behaviour and increases the likelihood that the behaviour will be repeated is called a:

(a) Cue
(b) Situational stimulus
(c) Reinforcer
(d) Punisher
(e) None of these

(xiv) Conditioned response may be eliminated by withdrawing reinforcement. This is known as:

(a) Stimulus generalization
(b) Extinction
(c) Discrimination
(d) Spontaneous recovery
(e) None of these

(xv) The ability to learn by observing a model or receiving instructions, without reinforcement, is called _____ theory.

(a) Cognitive learning
(b) Contingency
(c) Social learning
(d) Instrumental learning
(e) None of these

(xvi) Analysis of avoidance learning suggest that many phobias are acquired through _____ conditioning.

(a) Classical
(b) Operant
(c) Reinforcement
(d) Intermittent
(e) None of these

(xvii) The James-Lange or body reaction theory of emotion says:

(a) You feel emotion then a bodily reaction.
(b) You react with your body first then you feel emotion.
(c) The somatic nervous system is the seat of emotion.
(d) Emotion and visceral reactions are simultaneous.
(e) None of these

(xviii) The frustration-aggression hypothesis:

(a) Assume that aggression is basic instinct
(b) Claims that frustration and aggression are both instinctive.
(c) Assumes that frustration produces aggression.
(d) Was developed by social learning theorist.
(e) None of these

(xix) In Freud’s theory of personality:

(a) The ego obeys the reality principle.
(b) The id operates by secondary process.
(c) The super ego obeys the pleasure principle.
(d) The ego operates by primary process thinking.
(e) None of these

(xx) Which of the following approaches to personality is least deterministic?

(a) The humanistic approach
(b) The psychoanalytic approach
(c) The social learning approach
(d) The behavioural approach
(e) None of these

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) PART-II is to be attempted on separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. All questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.

Q.2. State the definition of Psychology as a science. Show your familiarity with the scope of Psychology. (20)

Q.3. Describe briefly the structure and functions of central nervous system. (20)

Q.4. Define learning. Discuss the principle of reinforcement as related to both classical and operant conditioning. (20)

Q.5. Distinguish between sensation and perception. Explain determinants of perception. (20)

Q.6. Critically examine Maslows hierarchy of need theory. (20)

Q.7. Define personality. Discuss the factors in development of personality. (20)

Q.8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20)

(i) Homeostasis
(ii) Frustration and Conflict
(iii) Prejudice
(iv) Endocrine system
(v) Group norms
(vi) Personality test
(vii) Socialization
(viii) Inter group tension

FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17 UNDER
THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, 2011

PSYCHOLOGY, PAPER-II

Q.1. Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate box on the Answer Sheet. (1 × 20 = 20)

(i) The child’s increasing skill at using his muscles is due chiefly to:

(a) Maturation
(b) Learning
(c) Pushing by parents
(d) An opportunity to exercise
(e) None of these

(ii) The stage of prenatal development during which the developing organism is most vulnerable to injury is the:

(a) Zygotic stage
(b) Germinal stage
(c) Foetal stage
(d) Embryonic stage
(e) None of these

(iii) Which of the following is part of the psychosocial domain?

(a) Motor skills
(b) Memory
(c) Judgement
(d) Style of behaving
(e) None of these

(iv) It would be most accurate to say that maturation:

(a) Can be delayed by illness or poor nutrition
(b) Is dramatically accelerated by good nutrition
(c) Is greatly accelerated by good health care and delayed by illness
(d) Is not affected by any environmental factors because it is genetic.
(e) None of these

(v) The first two weeks of life are referred to as:

(a) The period of infancy
(b) The preoperational stage
(c) Early childhood
(d) The neonatal period
(e) None of these

(vi) An individual becomes a member of social group through the process of:

(a) Aging
(b) Socialization
(c) Learning
(d) Maturation
(e) None of these

(vii) When a researcher tests several groups of people at the same time each group at a different age, he is conducting a(n) _____ study.

(a) Observational
(b) Longitudinal
(c) Cross-sectional
(d) Sequential
(e) None of these

(viii) Piaget’s stage for infancy is:

(a) Concrete operations
(b) Formal operation
(c) Pre-operational thought
(d) Sensory motor thoughts
(e) None of these

(ix) Job satisfaction is enhanced by tasks that are:

(a) Challenging but not overwhelming
(b) Very easy to accomplish
(c) Overwhelming and rewarding
(d) Unrelated to one’s personal needs.
(e) None of these

(x) Basic characteristics of tasks that result in social loafing is that they are:

(a) Additive
(b) Subtractive
(c) Multiplicative
(d) Negative
(e) None of these

(xi) The process by which a trained professional uses psychological methods to help people with psychological problem is known as:

(a) Psychiatry
(b) Psychoanalysis
(c) Psychotherapy
(d) Psychosurgery
(e) None of these

(xii) Albert Ellis and Aron Beck are names associated with the _____ therapy approach.

(a) Gestalt
(b) Cognitive
(c) Behavioural
(d) Phenomenological
(e) None of these

(xiii) An affective disorder in which a person swings from one mood extreme to another is classified as:

(a) Manic
(b) Depressive
(c) Unipolar
(d) Bipolar
(e) None of these

(xiv) The leading cause of mental retardation is believed to be:

(a) Fetal alcohol syndrome
(b) Organic brain syndrome
(c) Environmental factors
(d) Inherited traits
(e) None of these

(xv) People who consistently come up with _____ explanations of events are more prone to depression.

(a) Overly optimistic
(b) Pessimistic
(c) Delusional
(d) Dysthymic
(e) None of these

(xvi) According to Piaget the process of building mental representation of the world through direct interaction with it is:

(a) Adaptation
(b) Egocentrism
(c) Metacognition
(d) Conservation
(e) None of these

(xvii) Intelligence can be defined as:

(a) Knowledge of a great many facts
(b) The ability to get good grades in school
(c) The ability to think abstractly and learn from experience
(d) All the factors that make one person different from another.
(e) None of these

(xviii) When people are _____ they have lost touch with reality.

(a) Manic
(b) Neurotic
(c) Psychotic
(d) Psychopathic
(e) None of these

(xix) Which of the following clinical procedures are based, in part on classical conditioning?

(a) Transference
(b) Systematic desensitization
(c) Token economy
(d) Two chair technique
(e) None of these

(xx) Illnesses that seem to result from an interaction of physical and psychological factors are called:

(a) Hysterical
(b) Psychosomatic
(c) Somatic
(d) Conversion disorders
(e) None of these

PART-II

NOTE:

(i) PART-II is to be attempted on separate Answer Book.

(ii) Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II. All questions carry EQUAL marks.

(iii) Extra attempt of any question or any part of the attempted question will not be considered.

Q.2. Differentiate between maturation and development. Identify several factors that can be harmful to the developing foetus. (10 + 10 = 20)

Q.3. Discuss different viewpoints regarding abnormality. (20)

Q.4. Describe Jean’s Piaget’s four stages of development; and discuss the process of organization, adaptation, assimilation and accommodation. (20)

Q.5. List and briefly describe different techniques of behaviour therapy. (20)

Q.6. Show your familiarity with psychosomatic disorders. (20)

Q.7. Discuss several different approaches to defining intelligence. (20)

Q.8. Write short notes on any FOUR of the following: (5 × 4 = 20)

(i) Job satisfaction
(ii) Drug addiction
(iii) Mental retardation
(iv) Psychosis
(v) Personality assessment
(vi) Work incentives
(vii) Group therapies
(viii) Character disorder