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FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2025 FOR RECRUITMENT
TO POSTS IN BS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
COMPETITIVE EXAMINATION-2025 FOR RECRUITMENT
TO POSTS IN BS-17 UNDER THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT
ISLAMIC HISTORY & CULTURE
PART-I (MCQs)(COMPULSORY)
Q.1. (i) Select the best option/answer and fill in the appropriate Box on the OMR Answer Sheet.(20x1=20)
(ii) Answers given anywhere else, other than OMR Answer Sheet, will not be considered.
1. Before Islam, which religion was predominant in the Arabian Peninsula?
(A) Christianity (B) Judaism (C) Polytheism (D) Zoroastrianism
(A) Christianity (B) Judaism (C) Polytheism (D) Zoroastrianism
2. Which of the following was the main source of cultural influence in pre-Islamic Arabian society?
(A) Persian culture (B) Egyptian civilization (C) Christian and Jewish beliefs (D) None of these
(A) Persian culture (B) Egyptian civilization (C) Christian and Jewish beliefs (D) None of these
3. Which is the year of the blessed birth of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم?(
(A) 570 or 571 CE (B) 575 or 576 CE (C) 590 or 591 CE (D) 595 or 596 CE
(A) 570 or 571 CE (B) 575 or 576 CE (C) 590 or 591 CE (D) 595 or 596 CE
4. Under the leadership of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab(), the Islamic empire expanded into which region?
(A) North Africa and Spain (B) Persia and the Byzantine Empire
(C) India and Central Asia (D) None of these
(A) North Africa and Spain (B) Persia and the Byzantine Empire
(C) India and Central Asia (D) None of these
5. Which of the following was a key feature of the governance of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab( )?
(A) Centralization of power (B) Introduction of a judicial system
(C) Creation of a standing army (D) All of these
(A) Centralization of power (B) Introduction of a judicial system
(C) Creation of a standing army (D) All of these
6. Under the rule of Caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab(), which key financial institution was established to
ensure the equitable distribution of wealth?
(A) The Bayt al-Mal (Public Treasury) (B) The Islamic Bank (C) The Zakat Fund (D) All of these
ensure the equitable distribution of wealth?
(A) The Bayt al-Mal (Public Treasury) (B) The Islamic Bank (C) The Zakat Fund (D) All of these
7. Which of the following is the main reason for the rise of factionalism during the Caliphate of Ali ibn
Abi Talib()?
(A) Disputes over differences of belief (B) The assassination of Usman bin Affan().
(C) Economic hardship. (D) None of these
Abi Talib()?
(A) Disputes over differences of belief (B) The assassination of Usman bin Affan().
(C) Economic hardship. (D) None of these
8. Which of the following best describes the role of the Caliph in the Islamic State under the Prophet
Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (and the Pious Caliphate?
(A) Political leader only (B) Religious leader only
(C) Political and religious leader with responsibilities for both governance and spiritual guidance.
(D) None of these
Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (and the Pious Caliphate?
(A) Political leader only (B) Religious leader only
(C) Political and religious leader with responsibilities for both governance and spiritual guidance.
(D) None of these
9. What was the primary source of law during the time of the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم ?(
(A) The Qur’an and Hadith (B) The Qur'an Only (C) Consensus of the companions (Ijma) (D) None of these
(A) The Qur’an and Hadith (B) The Qur'an Only (C) Consensus of the companions (Ijma) (D) None of these
10. In the context of early Islamic defense, which military leader is known for his strategic brilliance
and leadership during the battle of Yarmouk?
(A) Ali ibn Abi Talib() (B) Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah()
(C) Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas() (D) Khalid ibn al-Walid ()
and leadership during the battle of Yarmouk?
(A) Ali ibn Abi Talib() (B) Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah()
(C) Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas() (D) Khalid ibn al-Walid ()
11. Which companion of Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (is known for his role in collecting the Qur'an and
transmitting knowledge to the next generation?
(A) Umar ibn al-Khattab() (B) Zayd ibn Thabit () (C) Abu Hurairah( ) (D) Ali ibn Abi Talib()
transmitting knowledge to the next generation?
(A) Umar ibn al-Khattab() (B) Zayd ibn Thabit () (C) Abu Hurairah( ) (D) Ali ibn Abi Talib()
12. Which of the following events significantly contributed to the spread of Islam in the Arabian
Peninsula?
(A) The migration to Medina (B) The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (C) The conquest of Makka (D) None of these
Peninsula?
(A) The migration to Medina (B) The Treaty of Hudaybiyyah (C) The conquest of Makka (D) None of these
13. What is the main characteristic of the political system in the Islamic state established by the Prophet
?(صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad
(A) Democracy (B) Monarchy (C) Theocracy (D) Oligarchy
?(صلى الله عليه وسلم) Muhammad
(A) Democracy (B) Monarchy (C) Theocracy (D) Oligarchy
14. During which of the following was the Dome of the Rock built?
(A) Umar ibn al-Khattab() (B) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
(C) Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan() (D) None of these Page
(A) Umar ibn al-Khattab() (B) Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
(C) Muawiya bin Abi Sufyan() (D) None of these Page
15. Which architectural marvel was commissioned during the Umayyad rule and is still a symbol of
Islamic art?
(A) The Alhamra (B) The Great Mosque of Damascus (C) The Hagia Sophia (D) None of these
Islamic art?
(A) The Alhamra (B) The Great Mosque of Damascus (C) The Hagia Sophia (D) None of these
16. The Umayyads made a significant contribution to Islamic coinage by introducing which feature?
(A) Arabic inscriptions on coins (B) The use of gold as a standard currency
(C) The inclusion of portraits on coins (D) None of these
(A) Arabic inscriptions on coins (B) The use of gold as a standard currency
(C) The inclusion of portraits on coins (D) None of these
17. Which event is considered the turning point in the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate?
(A) The Battle of the Zab (B) The fall of Damascus (C) The Siege of Mecca (D) None of these
(A) The Battle of the Zab (B) The fall of Damascus (C) The Siege of Mecca (D) None of these
18. Which major translation movement occurred during the Abbasid period, especially in the House of
Wisdom in Baghdad?
(A) Translation of Greek and Persian philosophical texts (B) Translation of Qur'anic exegeses
(C) Translation of Hindu astronomy texts (D) None of these
Wisdom in Baghdad?
(A) Translation of Greek and Persian philosophical texts (B) Translation of Qur'anic exegeses
(C) Translation of Hindu astronomy texts (D) None of these
19. Who is considered the most famous Abbasid polymath in the field of medicine and philosophy?
(A) Al-Khwarizmi (B) Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (C) Al-Razi (Rhazes). (D) Al-Farabi
(A) Al-Khwarizmi (B) Ibn Sina (Avicenna) (C) Al-Razi (Rhazes). (D) Al-Farabi
20. The Abbasids contributed significantly to which cultural field?
(A) Astronomy (B) Poetry and literature (C) Mathematics. (D) All of these
(A) Astronomy (B) Poetry and literature (C) Mathematics. (D) All of these
PART-II
SECTION-A
Q. No. 2. Describe the Prophet's (صلى الله عليه وسلم (methods to resolve the various (tribal, linguistic,
political and religious, etc.) conflicts and promote peace in the Muslim society in
the context of the Madani Era.(20)
political and religious, etc.) conflicts and promote peace in the Muslim society in
the context of the Madani Era.(20)
Q. No. 3. Explain the challenges faced by Caliph Abu Bakr () in consolidating Islam after
the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (and how he overcame them?(20)
the Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم (and how he overcame them?(20)
Q. No. 4. What was the role of zakat (charity) in the financial system of early Islam? How
was it managed by the Caliphs?(20)
was it managed by the Caliphs?(20)
Q. No. 5. Examine the military organization of the Umayyads and their strategies in
expanding the Islamic empire.(20)
expanding the Islamic empire.(20)
SECTION-B
Q. No. 6. Discuss the factors that contributed to the political fragmentation of Muslim
Spain. How did the Taifa Kingdoms emerge? What impact did they have on the
unity of Muslim rule?(20)
Spain. How did the Taifa Kingdoms emerge? What impact did they have on the
unity of Muslim rule?(20)
Q. No. 7. Discuss the origin and early development of Sufism. What were the primary
factors that contributed to the emergence of Sufism in the early centuries of
Islam?(20)
factors that contributed to the emergence of Sufism in the early centuries of
Islam?(20)
Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following: (10 each)
(a) The relationship between Islamic Modernism and Western influence
(b) The contributions of Al-Andalus in the spread of Islamic knowledge to Europe.
(a) The relationship between Islamic Modernism and Western influence
(b) The contributions of Al-Andalus in the spread of Islamic knowledge to Europe.
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Posted : August 21, 2026 11:57 am